Examining Self-Advantage in the Suffering of Others: Cross-Cultural Differences in Beneficiary and Observer Justice Sensitivity Among Chinese, Germans, and Russians
Examining Self-Advantage in the Suffering of Others: Cross-Cultural Differences in Beneficiary and Observer Justice Sensitivity Among Chinese, Germans, and Russians
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DOI：
10.1007/s11211-014-0212-8
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发表时间：
2014-05
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
M. Wu;Manfred J. Schmitt;Chan Zhou;S. Nartova-Bochaver;N. Astanina;N. Khachatryan;B. Han
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Wu;Manfred J. Schmitt;Chan Zhou;S. Nartova-Bochaver;N. Astanina;N. Khachatryan;B. Han
对正义的关注是道德和人际行为的基本组成部分。在本文中，我们调查了宏观/文化和微观/个人差异的正义关注他人。更具体地说，受益者敏感性（BS）和观察者敏感性（OS）在中国作为一个典型的集体主义社会，德国和俄罗斯作为两个个人主义社会进行了比较。个人主义-集体主义被认为是介导BS和OS的文化差异。在研究1中，中国被试表现出更多的BS，但较少OS相比，德国的参与者。在研究2中，与俄罗斯参与者相比，中国参与者表现出更多的BS，但OS没有显着差异。此外，集体主义介导了BS而不是OS的这种文化差异。在研究3中，根据他们在社会价值游戏中的提议确定的集体主义参与者比个人主义参与者表现出更多的BS，而两组在OS上没有显着差异。这表明集体主义价值观使人们对自我利益的敏感性高于他人的痛苦。
Other-related concerns for justice are fundamental components of morality and interpersonal behaviors. In this paper, we investigated macro/cultural and micro/individual differences in justice concerns for others. More specifically, beneficiary sensitivity (BS) and observer sensitivity (OS) were compared across China as a typical collectivist society, and Germany and Russia as two individualistic societies. Individualism–collectivism was assumed to mediate the cultural variance of BS and OS. In Study 1, Chinese participants exhibited more BS but less OS compared to German participants. In Study 2, the Chinese participants exhibited more BS but not significantly different OS compared to Russian participants. Moreover, collectivism mediated this cultural difference in BS but not OS. In Study 3, collectivist participants identified according to their proposals in social value games exhibited more BS than did individualistic participants, while the two groups revealed no significant difference in OS. Taken together, our studies consistently show that higher collectivism both on the cultural and individual levels is related to BS but not to OS, suggesting that collectivist values make people sensitive to self-advantage in comparison to the suffering of others.