Development of Scalable 2D Plane Array for Transcranial Ultrasonic Neuromodulation on Non-human Primates: An Ex Vivo Study
Development of Scalable 2D Plane Array for Transcranial Ultrasonic Neuromodulation on Non-human Primates: An Ex Vivo Study
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用于非人类灵长类动物经颅超声神经调节的可扩展二维平面阵列的开发：体外研究
DOI：
10.1109/tnsre.2019.2959436
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通讯作者：
Hairong Zheng
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作者：
Ye Yang;Congzhi Wang;Yongchuan Li;Jiqing Huang;Feiyan Cai;Yang Xiao;Teng Ma;Hairong Zheng
对大型动物（如非人类灵长类动物）的超声波神经调节需要阵列换能器具有良好的操纵能力，以任意刺激各种大脑位置。此外，由于动物头部的不同尺寸，阵列优选地可方便地调节到不同的孔径尺寸。为了满足这些要求，一个可扩展的2D平面阵列，它可以由多达几十个256单元的正方形模块，已在这项研究中设计和制造。大孔径阵列，包括12和48个模块（包括3072和12288元素，分别），已组装和测试。方形模块以1.04 MHz的中心频率驱动。在离体猕猴头骨上的水箱中验证了模块的经颅和转向能力。由单个模块发射的聚焦波束可以通过颅骨，其峰值声压降低到自由场中的18.1%，可接受的横向转向范围可达10 mm。此外，通过使用两个垂直放置的模块同时发射，获得了更小的焦斑。与单模块相比，焦区轴向尺寸从29.7 mm减小到3.3 mm，并采用差频发射策略消除了驻波引起的焦区条纹。这种可扩展的2D平面阵列，它可以提供一个小尺寸的焦点，并具有较大的转向范围和可接受的经颅能力，可以在非人灵长类动物的超声神经调制的研究是有用的。
Ultrasonic neuromodulation on large animals, like non-human primates, requires the array transducer to have a good steering ability to arbitrarily stimulate various brain locations. Moreover, due to the different sizes of the animal heads, the array is preferred to be conveniently adjustable to different aperture sizes. To meet these requirements, a scalable 2D plane array, which can consist of up to tens of 256-element square modules, has been designed and fabricated in this study. Arrays with large apertures, consisting of 12 and 48 modules (including 3072 and 12288 elements, respectively), have been assembled and tested. The square modules were driven at a center frequency of 1.04 MHz. The transcranial and steering abilities of the modules were verified in a water tank on an ex vivo macaque skull. A focused beam transmitted by single module could pass through the skull with its peak acoustic pressure reduced to 18.1% of that in the free-field, with an acceptable transverse steering range up to 10 mm. Moreover, a much smaller focal spot was obtained by simultaneous transmission using two vertical-placed modules. Compared to the single module, the focal zone axial size was reduced from 29.7 mm to 3.3 mm, and the “stripes” pattern in the focal zone caused by standing waves was eliminated using a difference-frequency transmitting strategy. Such scalable 2D plane array, which can provide a small-size focal spot and has a large steering range and an acceptable transcranial ability, can be useful in research on ultrasonic neuromodulation on non-human primates.