Prey stage distribution, a factor affecting the numerical response of Typhlodromus occidentalis to Tetranychus mcdanieli and Tetranychus pacificus
Prey stage distribution, a factor affecting the numerical response of Typhlodromus occidentalis to Tetranychus mcdanieli and Tetranychus pacificus
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猎物阶段分布，影响西斑叶螨对麦克丹尼叶螨和太平洋叶螨数值响应的因素
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发表时间：
1972
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通讯作者：
B. Croft
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作者：
B. Croft
在几个相互作用水平上研究了西斑叶螨在食用不同生命阶段分布的麦克丹尼叶螨和太平洋叶螨时产卵和数量增加的能力。在田间收集的苹果叶和 6x6 厘米的人造基质上，当捕食者喂食含有高比例卵和幼虫的叶螨种群时，与主要由后翅螨（雄性成虫和雌性成虫）组成的猎物群体相比，产卵率和增长率 (r) 更高。喂养研究表明，繁殖差异主要是由于当捕食者被提供卵和四肢幼虫时，捕食和食物摄入量增加。当只提供较大的猎物阶段时，太平洋鱼的捕获和食物消耗会减少。在苹果树和果园的整个生长季节采集的样本表明，在早期，被捕食阶段的分布最有利于捕食者的增加，并且无疑有助于捕食者的快速数量反应。不太有利的阶段分布的影响不太明显，因为这些阶段比例发生在早季的短间隔内，处于中等猎物水平，并且在高密度或晚季红蜘蛛过度利用其寄主植物后最不利。捕食者的繁殖率很大程度上受到猎物密度、营养适宜性和行为可接受性的影响。例如，Chant（1961）报告说，植绥螨（Typhlodromus occidentalis Nesbitt）的产卵率与其捕食的太平洋叶螨（Tetranychus pacificus McGregor）的数量密切相关。 Burrell 和 McCormick (1964) 报道了西斑蝽以各种叶甲类猎物为食时产卵率的差异。与在低氮含量叶子上饲养的全爪螨 (P. ulmi) 相比，当捕食在高氮含量叶子上饲养的全爪螨 (Koch) 时，钝绥螨 (Garman) 在同等产蛋率下每天消耗的猎物更少（van de Vrie 和 Boersma，1971）。许多植绥螨更喜欢以某些叶螨的一个或多个特定阶段为食（Chant，1959；Putnam，11972 年 3 月 14 日接受出版。密歇根州立大学昆虫学系，东兰辛，密歇根州 48823。
The ability of Typhlodromus occidentalis to oviposit and numerically increase when consuming various life stage distributions of Tetranychus mcdanieli and Tetr any chus pacificus were studied at several interaction levels. On field-collected apple leaves and 6x6 cm artificial substrates, oviposition rates and rates of increase (r) were higher when predators were fed populations of spider mites with high proportions of eggs and larvae as compared to prey colonies composed mainly of deutonymphs-male adults and female adults. Feeding studies indicated that reproductive differences were mainly due to increased predation and food intake when predators were offered eggs and larvae of Tet. pacificus and a decreased capture and food consumption when only provided with the larger prey stages. Samples taken throughout a growing season in apple trees and an orchard suggested that during early-season, prey stage distributions were most favorable to predator increases and would undoubtedly contribute to a rapid numerical response by predators. The affect of less favorable stage distributions was much less apparent as these stage proportions occurred during short intervals in early season, at intermediate prey levels, and were most unfavorable at high densities or late season after spider mites overexploited their host plant. A predator's reproductive rate is greatly influenced by the density, nutritional suitability, and behavioral acceptability of its prey. For example, Chant (1961) reported that the rate of oviposition of the phytoseiid mite, Typhlodromus occidentalis Nesbitt, was closely correlated with the number of Pacific spider mites ( Tetranychus pacificus McGregor) it consumed. Burrell and McCormick (1964) reported differential oviposition rates for T. occidentalis when feeding on various tetranychid prey; and Amblyseius potentillae (Garman) consumes fewer prey/day per equivalent rate of egg production when feeding on Panonychus ulmi (Koch) reared on leaves having a high nitrogen level, as compared to P. ulmi reared on leaves with low nitrogen content (van de Vrie and Boersma, 1971). Many phytoseiid mites prefer feeding on a particular stage or stages of certain tetranychid mites (Chant, 1959; Putnam, 1Accepted for publication 14 March 1972. department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823.