Birds and Habitat: The bird and its habitat: an overview of concepts
Birds and Habitat: The bird and its habitat: an overview of concepts
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鸟类和栖息地：鸟类及其栖息地：概念概述
DOI：
10.1017/cbo9781139021654.003
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Fuller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Fuller
很长一段时间以来，人们一直在描述栖息地关联，并提出更深层次的问题，即鸟类如何选择它们的栖息地，以及决定它们精细尺度分布的因素(例如，布罗克，1914年；格林内尔，1917a，b)。本章概述了与栖息地选择有关的概念在二十一世纪初的地位。这些概念包含了一系列令人眼花缭乱的行为、生态和进化思想。栖息地选择的过程已经演变为通过确保个体能够识别和使用合适的栖息地来最大化适应能力。因此，栖息地质量的概念(即什么是“好的”或“最佳的”栖息地)是一个核心概念，我在下一章的大部分内容中都对此进行了阐述。这两个引言章节都没有全面回顾这些主题，但我希望这些例子和参考资料将成为栖息地选择这一多方面主题的有用背景。我承认在选择的例子中存在一些偏见，因为它们倾向于陆地鸟类，特别是森林和灌木丛中的鸟类，反映了我的个人兴趣。不足为奇的是，人们已经逐渐转向更多的量化研究和理论模型。但描述仍然很重要，既要记录鸟类如何继续对不断变化的世界做出反应，也要提供关键信息，以便制定保护政策。这本书的篇幅很大。Olavi Hildén(1965)对鸟类栖息地选择的评论涵盖了早期工作的大部分，并继续是一个高度相关的想法和例子来源。最近对栖息地选择方面的评论和讨论包括Partridge(1978)、Morse(1980)、Cody(1985)、Wiens(1989 A)、Block和Brennan(1993)、Jones(2001)、Johnson(2007)和Boulinier等人。(2008年)。
People have been describing habitat associations and asking deeper questions about how birds select their habitat, and the factors that determine their finescale distribution, for a long time (e.g. Brock, 1914; Grinnell, 1917a, b). This chapter outlines where concepts relating to habitat selection stand in the early twenty-first century. These concepts embrace a bewildering array of behavioural, ecological and evolutionary ideas. The processes involved in habitat selection have evolved to maximise fitness by ensuring that individuals can recognise and use suitable habitat. The notion of habitat quality (i.e. what constitutes ‘good’ or ‘best’ habitat) is therefore a central concept to which I have devoted a large part of the following chapter. Neither of these introductory chapters reviews the topics comprehensively, but the examples and references will, I hope, serve as useful background to the multi-faceted subject of habitat selection. I acknowledge the existence of some bias in the examples chosen because they lean towards terrestrial birds, especially those of forest and shrubland, reflecting my personal interests. Not surprisingly, there has been a gradual shift towards more quantitative research and theoretical models. But description remains important, both to document how birds continue to respond to the ever-changing world and to provide crucial information upon which conservation policies can be founded. The literature is voluminous. The review of habitat selection in birds by Olavi Hildén (1965) covers much of the early work and continues to be a highly relevant source of ideas and examples. More recent reviews and discussions of aspects of habitat selection include Partridge (1978), Morse (1980), Cody (1985), Wiens (1989a), Block and Brennan (1993), Jones (2001), Johnson (2007) and Boulinier et al. (2008).