Altered Risk-Based Decision Making following Adolescent Alcohol Use Results from an Imbalance in Reinforcement Learning in Rats
Altered Risk-Based Decision Making following Adolescent Alcohol Use Results from an Imbalance in Reinforcement Learning in Rats
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0037357
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发表时间：
2012-05-16
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Phillips, Paul E. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Clark, Jeremy J.;Nasrallah, Nicholas A.;Phillips, Paul E. M.
青春期饮酒会对风险决策产生深远而持久的影响。然而，这些变化背后的基本心理过程尚不清楚。在这里，我们表明，在不改变主观奖励评估的情况下，饮酒会产生超快的学习效果，从而获得比预期更好但不比预期更差的结果。我们构建了一个简单的强化学习模型，使用从有青少年饮酒史的老鼠中提取的行为参数来模拟改变的决策。值得注意的是，仅学习不平衡就足以模拟在这些动物群体之间观察到的选择行为的差异。这些发现确定了青少年饮酒后强化学习的选择性改变，这可以解释基于风险的决策持续到以后生活的巨大变化。
Alcohol use during adolescence has profound and enduring consequences on decision-making under risk. However, the fundamental psychological processes underlying these changes are unknown. Here, we show that alcohol use produces over-fast learning for better-than-expected, but not worse-than-expected, outcomes without altering subjective reward valuation. We constructed a simple reinforcement learning model to simulate altered decision making using behavioral parameters extracted from rats with a history of adolescent alcohol use. Remarkably, the learning imbalance alone was sufficient to simulate the divergence in choice behavior observed between these groups of animals. These findings identify a selective alteration in reinforcement learning following adolescent alcohol use that can account for a robust change in risk-based decision making persisting into later life.