Breast Cancer: Risk Assessment and Prevention
Breast Cancer: Risk Assessment and Prevention
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DOI：
10.1097/smj.0b013e3181d39038
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Hooks, Mary A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hooks, Mary A.
乳腺癌是最常见的癌症，也是妇女癌症死亡的第二大常见原因。2008年，有182,460名妇女被诊断患有乳腺癌，40,480名妇女死于这种疾病。(1)乳腺癌可以通过药物（他莫昔芬或雷洛昔芬）或手术（双侧乳房切除术或卵巢切除术）来预防。只建议患乳腺癌风险高的妇女进行预防；因此，在确定可能受益于预防措施的妇女时，适当的风险计算是必不可少的。有一个简单易用的风险计算工具，可以确定女性患乳腺癌的风险，以及是否需要转诊咨询、基因检测和可能的预防性治疗。本文回顾了风险评估的组成部分，最常用的风险计算工具，以及减少乳腺癌风险的方法，包括药物和手术治疗。使用这些疗法可使风险降低50-90%。
Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death in women. In 2008 there were 182,460 women diagnosed with breast cancer, and 40,480 women died of this disease.(1) Breast cancer can be prevented by medical (tamoxifen or raloxifene) or surgical approaches (bilateral mastectomy or oophorectomy). Prevention is only recommended for women at high risk for developing breast cancer; therefore, proper risk calculation is essential in identifying women that may benefit from prevention measures. There is an easy-to-use and easily accessible risk calculation tool for determining a woman's risk of developing breast cancer and need for referral for counseling, gene testing, and possibly preventive therapy. This article reviews the components of risk assessment, the most frequently used risk calculation tool, and approaches to breast cancer risk reduction including medical and surgical therapies. The use of these therapies results in a risk reduction of 50-90%.