“Bioethics Policy” As a New Interdisciplinary Study
“Bioethics Policy” As a New Interdisciplinary Study
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“生命伦理政策”作为一项新的跨学科研究
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发表时间：
2007
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通讯作者：
Kyungsuk Choi
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作者：
Kyungsuk Choi
生命伦理学通常被称为“应用伦理学”。但是，传统伦理学理论的“机械或简单应用”的想法是错误的。因为生命伦理问题是如此新颖和前所未有，以至于其中许多问题并没有提供很大的帮助。此外，“应用伦理学”没有反映出生物伦理学的跨学科特点。生物伦理学问题要求生物伦理学作为一门跨学科的研究，以应对与之相关的社会决策的挑战。我主张“生命伦理政策研究”作为一个新的交叉学科。生命伦理问题之所以难以解决，主要是因为存在着合理的分歧。合理的分歧意味着“合理的人之间的分歧”。罗尔斯所谓的“判断的负担”解释了为什么我们有这样的分歧。我们应该接受合理的分歧和多元主义作为我们多元社会的事实。生命伦理学只是试图从自身的角度对生命伦理问题作出回答，而生命伦理政策研究则试图通过尊重和包容各种合理的、综合的学说和观点来达成社会共识。因此，作为一项研究，“生物伦理政策”的主要研究问题是“我们如何能够制定关于伦理问题的政策，而这些问题的答案是难以捉摸的，而且往往在组成社会的个人之间发生冲突？”生物伦理政策的跨学科研究很重要，因为它们必须处理与生物伦理政策有关的每个学科的基本问题。生命伦理学问题要求我们重新思考现代哲学家回避的基本哲学和/或神学问题，并可能将哲学引向一个新的项目。生物伦理问题也提出了一个问题：“法律在伦理问题中的作用是什么？”对于法律。我认为，跨学科的研究是有意义的，当它刺激每个学科参与。我强调的是“跨学科研究的螺旋式发展”。
Bioethics is often called “applied ethics.” But the idea of “mechanical or simple application” of traditional ethical theories is wrong. For bioethical issues are so novel and unprecedented that many of them do not give a great help. In addition, “applied ethics” does not reflect interdisciplinary characteristics of bioethics. Bioethical problems require bioethics as an interdisciplinary study to respond to challenges of societal policy-making relevant to them. I argue for “bioethics policy study” as an new interdisciplinary discipline. The reason most of bioethical issues are difficult to be resolved lies in the fact that there are reasonable disagreements. Reasonable disagreement means “disagreement among reasonable persons.” What Rawls calls “the burdens of judgment” explains why we have such disagreement. We should accept reasonable disagreement and pluralism as facts of our pluralistic society. While bioethics just tries to give an answer to bioethical issues from its own perspective, bioethics policy study tries to give a societal agreement with respecting and tolerating various reasonable comprehensive doctrines and perspectives. Thus the main research question of “bioethics policy” as a study is “how can we make policies on ethical issues to which answers are elusive and often conflicting among individuals consisting of a society?” Interdisciplinary studies in bioethics policy are important in that they have to deal with fundamental questions to each discipline relevant to bioethics policy. Bioethical issues require us to reconsider fundamental philosophical and/or theological questions modern philosophers avoided and may lead philosophy to a new project. Bioethical issues also raise the question “What is the role of law in ethical issues?” for law. I argue that an interdisciplinary study is meaningful when it stimulates each discipline involved. I emphasize “spiral development of interdisciplinary studies.”