EMOTIONS INDUCED AND STUDIED IN HYPNOTIC SUBJECTS .2. THE FINDINGS
EMOTIONS INDUCED AND STUDIED IN HYPNOTIC SUBJECTS .2. THE FINDINGS
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DOI：
10.1097/00005053-195011220-00002
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发表时间：
1950-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
GIDROFRANK, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BULL, N;GIDROFRANK, L
I、ORIENTARON和MEROP|这里要展示的材料是在对情绪反应的深入研究中收集的。我们主要对反应本身的性质感兴趣，而不是对唤起反应的情景感兴趣；在整个研究过程中，我们一直在寻找符合精确的科学标准的模式，既有具体考虑的各种类型的情感，也有一般考虑的情感。因此，我们正在寻找与某些特定情绪相对应的一致的行为模式。与此同时，我们一直在寻找一种模式的证据，这种模式对所有情绪反应都是共同的，涉及到情感中的主观体验与行为的交织。我们的出发点是这种一般模式的概念[已经在本杂志(5)和其他地方(4)(6)中描述过]，在这种模式中，基本的神经肌肉过程或序列被呈现为理解情绪的关键。这一概念可以概括为：情感的表达分为两个连续的阶段，(1)运动态度，(2)动作。每一个身体动作都需要一些初步的准备，而这一序列(态度-动作)适用于所有形式的肌肉活动，即使在两个阶段如此迅速地连续出现，以至于它们之间看不到停顿的时候也是如此。然而，只有当在运动态度建立之后插入一个可察觉的延迟时，情绪才会进入画面。由态度预期的特定行为被认为决定了特定的感觉(因为准备哭泣会产生悲伤，或者准备攻击会产生愤怒。)因此，情绪中的主观体验或感觉被解释为产生于预备的运动态度，保持为准备(或愿望或意图)，并在任何形式的干扰机制解除之前被控制住，以阻止最终的行动。从这个角度来说，感觉其实就是感觉
I. ORIENTAroN AND MErop| The material to be presented here was gathered during an intensive study of emotional response. We were interested primarily in the nature of the response itself, not in the situation which evokes it; and throughout the study we were in search of patterns which conform to scientific standards of precision, both in the various types of emotion considered specifically and also in emotion considered generically. Thus we were looking for consistent patterns of behavior to correspond with certain specific emotions. At the same time we were on the watch for evidence of a pattern which is common to all emotional response and concerns the interweaving of the subjective experience in emotion with behavior. Our point of departure was the concept of such a generic pattern [already described in this Journal (5) and elsewhere (4)(6)] in which a basic neuromuscular process or sequence was presented as essential to the understanding of emotion. This concept can be summarized as follows: the expression of emotion is divided into two serial phrases,(1) the motor attitude, and (2) the action. Every bodily movement requires some preliminary preparation, and this sequence (attitude–action) holds for all forms of muscular activity, even where the two phases occur in such rapid succession that no pause is discernible between them. However, it is only when a perceptible delay is interposed afer the setting-up of motor attitude that feelings of emotion enter the picture. The particular kind of action anticipated by the attitude is considered to determine the particular kind of feeling (as readiness to cry produces sad-ness, or readiness to strike produces anger.) Thus the subjective experi-ence or feeling in emotion is explained as arising from a preparatory motor attitude, maintained as readiness (or wish or intention) and held in leash pending the lifting of whatever form of interfering mechanism is holding up the final action. From this point of view, feeling is actually the feeling