Global air-sea flux of CO2: an estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO2 difference.
Global air-sea flux of CO2: an estimate based on measurements of sea-air pCO2 difference.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.94.16.8292
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发表时间：
1997-08
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Taro Takahashi;R. Feely;R. Weiss;R. Wanninkhof;D. Chipman;S. Sutherland;Timothy T. Takahashi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Taro Takahashi;R. Feely;R. Weiss;R. Wanninkhof;D. Chipman;S. Sutherland;Timothy T. Takahashi
对全球海洋进行了大约25万次表面水和海洋大气之间pCO 2差异的测量，DeltapCO 2。在厄尔尼诺现象期间在赤道太平洋进行的观测未列入数据集。这些观测结果被映射到全球4度x5度网格上，代表一个非厄尔尼诺年的单个虚拟日历年（任意选择为1990年）。使用基于横向对流扩散输送方程的插值方法构建了全球DeltapCO 2的月分布。利用CO2浓度分布和CO2气体输运系数计算了CO2的净通量。因此，全球海洋每年的CO2净吸收通量估计范围为0.60至1.34 Gt-Cyr-1，这取决于用于风速对气体转移系数的依赖性的不同公式。这些估计值的误差高达75%，这是由于用于估计全球海洋中DeltapCO 2分布的数值插值法造成的。两半球的温带海洋和极地海洋是大气CO2的主要汇，而赤道海洋是CO2的主要源。大西洋是最重要的CO2汇，约占全球海洋吸收量的60%，而太平洋是中性的，因为其赤道源通量被温带海洋的汇通量所平衡。印度洋和南大洋各占20%左右。
Approximately 250,000 measurements made for the pCO2 difference between surface water and the marine atmosphere, DeltapCO2, have been assembled for the global oceans. Observations made in the equatorial Pacific during El Nino events have been excluded from the data set. These observations are mapped on the global 4 degrees x 5 degrees grid for a single virtual calendar year (chosen arbitrarily to be 1990) representing a non-El Nino year. Monthly global distributions of DeltapCO2 have been constructed using an interpolation method based on a lateral advection-diffusion transport equation. The net flux of CO2 across the sea surface has been computed using DeltapCO2 distributions and CO2 gas transfer coefficients across sea surface. The annual net uptake flux of CO2 by the global oceans thus estimated ranges from 0.60 to 1.34 Gt-Cyr-1 depending on different formulations used for wind speed dependence on the gas transfer coefficient. These estimates are subject to an error of up to 75% resulting from the numerical interpolation method used to estimate the distribution of DeltapCO2 over the global oceans. Temperate and polar oceans of the both hemispheres are the major sinks for atmospheric CO2, whereas the equatorial oceans are the major sources for CO2. The Atlantic Ocean is the most important CO2 sink, providing about 60% of the global ocean uptake, while the Pacific Ocean is neutral because of its equatorial source flux being balanced by the sink flux of the temperate oceans. The Indian and Southern Oceans take up about 20% each.