Gastrointestinal microbiology enters the metagenomics era
Gastrointestinal microbiology enters the metagenomics era
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DOI：
10.1097/mog.0b013e3282f2b0e8
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Pace, Norman R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frank, Daniel N.;Pace, Norman R.
综述的目的基于DNA序列的技术的进步现在允许对复杂的微生物种群进行遗传分析，而不需要事先培养。本文综述了非依赖于培养的微生物学(元基因组学)的分子方法及其在健康和疾病人体胃肠道研究中的最新应用。据估计，超过40,000种细菌组成了集体胃肠道微生物群，其中大多数还没有培养出来。各种疾病，如抗菌药物相关性腹泻、克罗恩病、溃疡性结肠炎、肥胖症和膀胱炎，都与胃肠道微生物区系的大规模失衡有关，或称“生态失调”。这些发现证明了共生微生物在维持胃肠道健康中的重要性。摘要通过元基因组学的技术和概念创新，人类胃肠道复杂的微生物栖息地现在可以进行详细的生态学分析。肠道共生种群的大规模转移，而不是特定微生物的出现，与几种胃肠道疾病有关；纠正这些失衡可能会改善这种情况。
Purpose of reviewAdvances in DNA sequence-based technologies now permit genetic analysis of complex microbial populations without the need for prior cultivation. This review summarizes the molecular methods of culture-independent microbiology ('metagenomics') and their recent application to studies of the human gastrointestinal tract in both health and disease.Recent findingsCulture-independent metagenomic surveys reveal unprecedented microbial biodiversity in the human intestine. Upwards of 40 000 bacterial species are estimated to comprise the collective gastrointestinal microbiome, most of which have not been characterized by culture. Diverse conditions such as anti biotic-associated diarrhea, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, obesity, and pouchitis have been correlated with large-scale imbalances in gastrointestinal microbiota, or 'dysbiosis'. These findings demonstrate the importance of commensal microorganisms in maintaining gastrointestinal health.SummaryThrough technological and conceptual innovations in metagenomics, the complex microbial habitat of the human gastrointestinal tract is now amenable to detailed ecological analysis. Large-scale shifts in gut commensal populations, rather than occurrence of particular microorganisms, are associated with several gastroenterological conditions; redress of these imbalances may ameliorate the conditions.