Genome-wide data substantiate Holocene gene flow from India to Australia
Genome-wide data substantiate Holocene gene flow from India to Australia
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1211927110
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发表时间：
2013-01-29
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Stoneking, Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pugach, Irina;Delfin, Frederick;Stoneking, Mark
澳大利亚大陆拥有现代人类走出非洲的一些最早的考古证据，至少在4万年前人类就开始了最初的占领。人们通常认为，在最初的殖民统治之后，澳大利亚在很大程度上是孤立的，但澳大利亚人的遗传历史还没有被详细探讨以解决这个问题。在这里，我们分析了来自澳大利亚原住民、新几内亚人、东南亚岛屿人和印第安人的大规模基因分型数据。我们发现澳大利亚人、新几内亚人和Mamanwa人（来自菲律宾的一个黑人群体）之间有一种古老的联系，这些群体的分化时间估计在3.6万年前，这支持了这样一种观点，即这些群体代表了早期走出非洲的“南方路线”移民的后代，而该地区的其他人群则是后来通过单独的分散到达的。我们还发现了一个信号，表明在欧洲人接触之前，印度人口和澳大利亚之间存在大量的基因流动，这与澳大利亚和世界其他地区之间没有接触的普遍观点相反。我们估计这种基因流动发生在4230年前的全新世。这也大约是工具技术、食品加工和澳洲野狗出现在澳大利亚考古记录中的时间，这表明这些可能与来自印度的迁徙有关。
The Australian continent holds some of the earliest archaeological evidence for the expansion of modern humans out of Africa, with initial occupation at least 40,000 y ago. It is commonly assumed that Australia remained largely isolated following initial colonization, but the genetic history of Australians has not been explored in detail to address this issue. Here, we analyze large-scale genotyping data from aboriginal Australians, New Guineans, island Southeast Asians and Indians. We find an ancient association between Australia, New Guinea, and the Mamanwa (a Negrito group from the Philippines), with divergence times for these groups estimated at 36,000 y ago, and supporting the view that these populations represent the descendants of an early "southern route" migration out of Africa, whereas other populations in the region arrived later by a separate dispersal. We also detect a signal indicative of substantial gene flow between the Indian populations and Australia well before European contact, contrary to the prevailing view that there was no contact between Australia and the rest of the world. We estimate this gene flow to have occurred during the Holocene, 4,230 y ago. This is also approximately when changes in tool technology, food processing, and the dingo appear in the Australian archaeological record, suggesting that these may be related to the migration from India.