Heat illness in athletes - The dangerous combination of heat, humidity and exercise
Heat illness in athletes - The dangerous combination of heat, humidity and exercise
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DOI：
10.2165/00007256-200434010-00002
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Van Durme, DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coris, EE;Ramirez, AM;Van Durme, DJ
1980年，1700人死于一场长时间的热浪，而该地区对热病预防准备不足。在运动员、老年人、儿科和残疾人群体中，与热有关的病理严重低估，导致了显著的发病率和偶尔的死亡率。在美国高中运动员中，中暑是导致死亡的第三大原因。中暑的重要危险因素包括脱水、炎热潮湿的气候、肥胖、低体能、缺乏适应环境、中暑史、睡眠剥夺、药物（特别是利尿剂或抗抑郁药）、汗腺功能障碍、上呼吸道或胃肠道疾病。许多这些风险因素可以通过教育和对处于危险中的患者的认识来解决。脱水，液体流失有时高达体重的6-10%，似乎是在高温下运动的患者中暑最常见的危险因素之一。研究表明，在运动过程中，由于脱水导致的体重每减少1%，核心体温就会额外上升0.15-0.2度。识别有危险的运动员，限制环境暴露，密切监测体征和症状都是预防中暑的重要组成部分。然而，监测水合状态和早期干预可能是预防严重疾病的最重要因素。
In 1980, 1700 people died during a prolonged heat wave in a region under-prepared for heat illness prevention. Dramatically underreported, heat-related pathology contributes to significant morbidity as well as occasional mortality in athletic, elderly, paediatric and disabled populations. Among US high school athletes, heat illness is the third leading cause of death.Significant risk factors for heat illness include dehydration, hot and humid climate, obesity, low physical fitness, lack of acclimatisation, previous history of heat stroke, sleep deprivation, medications (especially diuretics or antidepressants), sweat gland dysfunction, and upper respiratory or gastrointestinal illness. Many of these risk factors can be addressed with education and awareness of patients at risk. Dehydration, with fluid loss occasionally as high as 6-10% of bodyweight, appears to be one of the most common risk factors for heat illness in patients exercising in the heat. Core body temperature has been shown to rise an additional 0.15-0.2degreesC for every 1% of bodyweight lost to dehydration during exercise.Identifying athletes at risk, limiting environmental exposure, and monitoring closely for signs and symptoms are all important components of preventing heat illness. However, monitoring hydration status and early intervention may be the most important factors in preventing severe beat illness.