Effect of soil contaminant extraction method in determining toxicity using the microtox® assay
Effect of soil contaminant extraction method in determining toxicity using the microtox® assay
复制标题
土壤污染物提取方法对使用 microtox® 测定确定毒性的影响
DOI：
10.1002/etc.5620190205
复制
发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
T. Young
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Harkey;T. Young
本项目研究了不同提取方法对从不同土壤成分和污染物浓度的人工煤气厂（MGP）场地收集的污染土壤的毒性测量的影响。使用盐溶液，超临界流体萃取（SFE），和索氏提取从一些MGP网站的老化土壤中提取。使用两种形式的Microtox®测试评估毒性：对盐水和SFE土壤提取物的急性水溶液测试和对土壤颗粒的固相测试（SPT）。在SFE之前和之后对土壤进行Microtox SPT，以确定由此产生的毒性降低。检验了三个假设：（1）土壤提取物的毒性与提取物的污染物浓度有关，（2）测定的毒性随提取方法的强度降低而显著降低，（3）超临界流体可提取性与测定的毒性相关。在SFE之前和之后进行的SPT的EC 50对于某些土壤没有不同，但是对于其他测试的土壤，在提取之后显著更大。最显着的毒性降低，观察到的土壤表现出最高的毒性在预提取标准贯入试验和急性水测试。对SFE浸提液进行的急性微生物毒性试验显示，EC 50显著低于基于生理盐水的浸提程序报告的EC 50。由Microtox SPTs测量的土壤毒性与SFE效率和污染物老化的措施密切相关。该项目的数据提供了证据，证明与强有力的物理提取方案相比，通过生理程序提取的土壤中多环芳烃（PAHs）的螯合和可用性降低。
This project examined the influence of different extraction methods onthe measured toxicityofcontaminatedsoils collected from manufactured gas plant (MGP) sites differing in soil composition and contaminant concentration. Aged soils from a number of MGP sites were extracted using a saline solution, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and Soxhlet extraction. Toxicity was assessed using two forms of Microtox® tests: acute aqueous tests on saline and SFE soil extracts and solid‐phase tests (SPTs) on soil particles. Microtox SPTs were performed on soils before and after SFE to determine resulting toxicity reduction. Three hypotheses were tested: (1) Toxicity of soil extracts is related to contaminant concentrations of the extracts, (2) measured toxicity significantly decreases with less vigorous methods of extraction, and (3) supercritical fluid extractability correlates with measured toxicity. The EC50s for SPTs performed before and after SFE were not different for some soils but were significantly greater after extraction for other soils tested. The most significant toxicity reductions were observed for soils exhibiting the highest toxicity in both preextraction SPTs and acute aqueous tests. Acute Microtox tests performed on SFE extracts showed significantly lower EC50s than those reported from saline‐based extraction procedures. Toxicity of the soils measured by Microtox SPTs was strongly correlated with both SFE efficiency and measures of contaminant aging. Data from this project provide evidence of sequestration and reduced availability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soils extracted via physiologically based procedures compared to vigorous physical extraction protocols.