A 5-Trial Adjusting Delay Discounting Task: Accurate Discount Rates in Less Than One Minute
A 5-Trial Adjusting Delay Discounting Task: Accurate Discount Rates in Less Than One Minute
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DOI：
10.1037/a0035973
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Bickel, Warren K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Koffarnus, Mikhail N.;Bickel, Warren K.
对延迟奖励折价率高的人更有可能滥用药物、暴饮暴食或问题赌博。这些发现表明，获得准确和快速的贴现率测量方法的价值，可以很容易地在各种设置中部署。在本研究中，我们开发并评估了5试验调整延迟任务，这是一种在不到1分钟内获得贴现率的新方法。我们假设5个试验调整延迟任务的贴现率是相似的，并且与我们之前使用的更长时间任务的贴现率相关，并且与延迟贴现相关的4个已知效应可以在这个新任务中复制。为了验证这些假设，我们对111名大学生进行了5个试验的6次调整延迟任务，以获得6种不同商品的贴现率，并进行了更长时间的调整金额贴现任务。我们发现，五试调整延迟任务和调整金额任务的贴现率相似且相关。这4种已知的延迟折扣效应在5个不同程度的延迟调整任务中得到了重复。首先，贴现率与金额呈负相关。其次，过去和未来结果之间的贴现率是相关的。第三，消耗性奖励的折扣率高于金钱奖励，尽管我们在比较中没有控制金额。第四，当明确描述与所选时间点相反的0美元金额时，贴现率较低。结果表明，5次调整延迟任务是一种可行的、快速的贴现率评估方法。
Individuals who discount delayed rewards at a high rate are more likely to engage in substance abuse, overeating, or problem gambling. Such findings suggest the value of methods to obtain an accurate and fast measurement of discount rate that can be easily deployed in variety of settings. In the present study, we developed and evaluated the 5-trial adjusting delay task, a novel method of obtaining a discount rate in less than 1 min. We hypothesized that discount rates from the 5-trial adjusting delay task would be similar and would correlate with discount rates from a lengthier task we have used previously, and that 4 known effects relating to delay discounting would be replicable with this novel task. To test these hypotheses, the 5-trial adjusting delay task was administered to 111 college students 6 times to obtain discount rates for 6 different commodities, along with a lengthier adjusting amount discounting task. We found that discount rates were similar and correlated between the 5-trial adjusting delay task and the adjusting amount task. Each of the 4 known effects relating to delay discounting was replicated with the 5-trial adjusting delay task to varying degrees. First, discount rates were inversely correlated with amount. Second, discount rates between past and future outcomes were correlated. Third, discount rates were greater for consumable rewards than with money, although we did not control for amount in this comparison. Fourth, discount rates were lower when $0 amounts opposing the chosen time point were explicitly described. Results indicate that the 5-trial adjusting delay task is a viable, rapid method to assess discount rate.