General patterns of niche construction and the management of ‘wild’ plant and animal resources by small-scale pre-industrial societies
General patterns of niche construction and the management of ‘wild’ plant and animal resources by small-scale pre-industrial societies
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小规模前工业社会生态位建设和“野生”动植物资源管理的一般模式
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2010.0253
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bruce D. Smith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bruce D. Smith
小规模人类社会的生态位建设工作涉及“野生”动植物物种，根据目标物种的共同特征和类似的人类管理和操纵模式，分为六大类：（i）植被群落的一般改造，（ii）野生一年生植物的撒播，（iii）多年生果实物种的移植，（iv）就地鼓励种植具有重要经济意义的多年生植物，（v）移植和就地鼓励种植多年生根茎作物，（vi）改变景观，以增加特定地点的猎物数量。案例研究的例子，主要来自北美，提出了人类生态位建设的六个一般类别。这些经验记录的生态系统工程类别的预测模型，概述了潜在的一般原则和共性，在全球范围内的小规模人类社会如何修改和操纵他们的“自然”景观在整个全新世的基础。
Niche construction efforts by small-scale human societies that involve ‘wild’ species of plants and animals are organized into a set of six general categories based on the shared characteristics of the target species and similar patterns of human management and manipulation: (i) general modification of vegetation communities, (ii) broadcast sowing of wild annuals, (iii) transplantation of perennial fruit-bearing species, (iv) in-place encouragement of economically important perennials, (v) transplantation and in-place encouragement of perennial root crops, and (vi) landscape modification to increase prey abundance in specific locations. Case study examples, mostly drawn from North America, are presented for each of the six general categories of human niche construction. These empirically documented categories of ecosystem engineering form the basis for a predictive model that outlines potential general principles and commonalities in how small-scale human societies worldwide have modified and manipulated their ‘natural’ landscapes throughout the Holocene.