Does the Iowa Gambling Task Measure Executive Function?
Does the Iowa Gambling Task Measure Executive Function?
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DOI：
10.1093/arclin/acr082
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Schretlen, David J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gansler, David A.;Jerram, Matthew W.;Schretlen, David J.
爱荷华州赌博任务（IGT）被假定为衡量执行功能，但这尚未通过收敛效度和判别效度进行实证检验。我们使用结构方程模型（SEM）来测试IGT是否是执行功能（EF）任务（收敛效度）以及它是否与其他神经心理学领域无关（判别效度）。健康的社区居民参与者 (N = 214) 完成了全面的神经心理学电池测试。我们根据过去 60 个 IGT 响应期间做出的有利减去不利选择的总体差异以及基于两副特定牌（D 减去 A）的有利减去不利选择的总体差异，分析了传统的 IGT 指标和三个替代指标。神经心理学功能的先验六因素分层模型通过 SEM 得到证实。注意力和处理速度被归为“非联想”因素。流畅性、执行功能、视觉学习/记忆和言语学习/记忆被分组为更高级别的“联想”因素。在非联想因素中，注意力而非速度可以预测 IGT 表现。当每个关联因素与注意力一起输入时，只有 EF 改进了模型拟合，并且这仅适用于基于试验 41-100 的指标。 SEM 表明基于轨迹 1-100 的指标受注意力影响，基于轨迹 41-100 的指标受注意力和 EF 影响。它与注意力的关联强度是 EF 的两倍。从概念上讲，IGT 是一项多特征任务，在更大程度上涉及新的问题解决和注意力领域，在较小程度上涉及执行功能。
The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is assumed to measure executive functioning, but this has not been empirically tested by means of both convergent and discriminant validity. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to test whether the IGT is an executive function (EF) task (convergent validity) and whether it is not related to other neuropsychological domains (discriminant validity). Healthy community-dwelling participants (N = 214) completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. We analyzed the conventional IGT metric and three alternative metrics based on the overall difference of advantageous minus disadvantageous choices made during the last 60 IGT responses and advantageous minus disadvantageous choices based on two specific decks of cards (D minus A). An a priori six-factor hierarchical model of neuropsychological functioning was confirmed with SEM. Attention and processing speed were grouped as "non-associative" factors. Fluency, executive functioning, visual learning/memory, and verbal learning/memory were grouped as higher-level "associative" factors. Of the non-associative factors, attention, but not speed, predicted IGT performance. When each associative factor was entered along with attention, only EF improved the model fit and that was only for metrics based on trials 41-100. SEM indicates metrics based on trails 1-100 are influenced by attention, and metrics based on trails 41-100 are influenced by attention and EF. Its associative strength with attention is twice that of EF. Conceptually, the IGT is a multi-trait task involving novel problem-solving and attentional domains to a greater extent, and executive functioning to a lesser extent.