Failure of extraocular light to facilitate circadian rhythm reentrainment in humans
Failure of extraocular light to facilitate circadian rhythm reentrainment in humans
复制标题
DOI：
10.1081/cbi-100102116
复制
发表时间：
2000-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Hebert, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eastman, CI;Martin, SK;Hebert, M
虽然眼外光可以影响无脊椎动物和非哺乳动物的昼夜节律，但几乎所有的研究都表明，哺乳动物的昼夜节律系统只能受到眼睛光线的影响。唯一的例外是坎贝尔和墨菲最近的一项研究，该研究报告称，在膝盖后面（腘窝区域）安装光纤垫后，人类在明亮的光线下会发生相移。我们测试了这种眼外光刺激是否能加速昼夜节律对睡眠时间表的影响，就像倒班工作或时差反应一样。在实验1中，睡眠/黑暗事件从基线延迟8小时，持续2天，并且在温度最低之前进行3h的光照以帮助延迟昼夜节律。有三组：(1)来自光纤垫的明亮（约13000勒克斯）眼外光，(2)控制（昏暗，10-20勒克斯）和(3)来自灯箱的中等强度（约1000勒克斯）眼外光。在实验2中，睡眠/黑暗事件被颠倒，眼外光在最低温度之前被施加以帮助延迟昼夜节律，或在最低温度之后被施加以帮助提前节律。昼夜节律阶段的标志是唾液暗光褪黑素开始（DLMO）和直肠最低温度。两项实验均未发现腘窝眼外光有相移效应。坎贝尔和墨菲的研究而不是目前的研究中出现相移的可能原因包括方案之间的许多差异。在目前的研究中，在应用眼外光之前，有大量的睡眠剥夺。与坎贝尔和墨菲的研究中允许受试者每天从午夜睡到中午相比，睡眠/黑暗时间表发生了很大的变化。此外，当在当前方案中应用眼外光时，受试者没有经历从睡眠到清醒的变化，姿势的变化（从躺在床上到坐在椅子上），或眼光的变化（从黑暗到昏暗）。进一步的研究是必要的，以确定在何种条件下眼外光可能产生人类昼夜节律的相移。
Although extraocular light can entrain the circadian rhythms of invertebrates and nonmammalian vertebrates, almost all studies show that the mammalian circadian system can only be affected by light to the eyes. The exception is a recent study by Campell and Murphy that reported phase shifts in humans to bright light applied with fiber-optic pads behind the knees (popliteal region). We tested whether this extraocular light stimulus could accelerate the entrainment of circadian rhythms to a shift of the sleep schedule, as occurs in shift work or jet lag. In experiment 1, the sleep/dark episodes were delayed 8h from baseline for 2 days, and 3h light exposures were timed to occur before the temperature minimum to help delay circadian rhythms. There were three groups: (1) bright (about 13,000 lux) extraocular light from fiber-optic pads, (2) control (dim light, 10-20 lux), and (3) medium-intensity (about 1000 lux) ocular light From light boxes. In experiment 2, the sleep/dark episodes were inverted, and extraocular light was applied either before the temperature minimum to help delay circadian rhythms or after the temperature minimum to help advance rhythms. Circadian phase markers were the salivary dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) and the rectal temperature minimum. There was no evidence that the popliteal extraocular light had a phase-shifting effect in either experiment. Possible reasons for phase shifts in the Campbell and Murphy study and not the current study include the many differences between the protocols. In the current study, there was substantial sleep deprivation before the extraocular light was applied. There was a large shift in the sleep/dark schedule, rather than allowing subjects to sleep each day from midnight to noon, as in the Campbell and Murphy study. Also, when extraocular light was applied in the current protocol, subjects did not experience a change from sleeping to awake, a change in posture (from lying in bed to sitting in a chair), or a change in ocular light (from dark to dim light). Further research is necessary to determine the conditions under which extraocular light might produce phase shifts in human circadian rhythms.