A very simple model for the water vapour feedback on climate change

A very simple model for the water vapour feedback on climate change
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气候变化的水蒸气反馈的一个非常简单的模型

DOI:
10.1002/qj.546
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发表时间:
2010
影响因子:
8.9
通讯作者:
Ingram W
Ingram W
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ingram W

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气候敏感度经常被认为是水蒸气反馈的两倍。从简单的物理论证来看,我们预计相对湿度的分布在气候变化下几乎不会改变,这一点得到了我们最详细的物理模型的证实,并与有限的观测证据相一致。然后,气候变化将得到实质性的积极反馈,从数字上看,大致翻了一番是确定的。然而,对这种影响的大小的物理解释显然是缺乏的。我们考虑了辛普森的一个理想化的数字模型。它的反直觉的结果--OLR不会随着气候变暖而改变--被证明比通常认为的更普遍,尽管显然不适用于我们现在的星球。然而,在某些物理近似下,可以得出一个“部分辛普森式”的概括:水蒸气辐射的分量不会随着气候系统变暖而改变,而由其他物质辐射的分量则根据普朗克定律增加。虽然在数量上仍然不准确,但这确实为水汽反馈的总体大小以及它在GCM中的稳健性提供了物理解释。部分Simpsonian方法也为公认的事实提供了物理解释,即在光谱中以水蒸气为主的区域,气候系统辐射的热量主要是相对湿度的函数,而不是温度的函数。©皇冠版权所有2010年。作者:John Wiley&Sons,Ltd.
Climate sensitivity is often said to be doubled by water vapour feedback. We expect the distribution of relative humidity to change little under climate change from simple physical arguments, which are confirmed by the most detailed physical models we have, and consistent with the limited observational evidence. A substantial positive feedback on climate change is then to be expected, and an approximate doubling is well established numerically. However, a physical explanation for the size of this effect is conspicuously lacking.We consider an idealized numerical model of Simpson's. Its counter‐intuitive result –that OLR does not change as climate warms –is shown to be more general than often thought, though clearly not applicable to our planet as it stands. However, with certain physical approximations a ‘partly‐Simpsonian’ generalization can be derived: that the component radiated by water vapour does not change as the climate system warms, while that radiated by everything else increases following Planck's Law. While still not quantitatively accurate, this does provide a physical explanation for the general size of the water vapour feedback, as well as for its robustness in GCMs.The partly‐Simpsonian approach also provides a physical explanation for the well‐established fact that, in water‐vapour‐dominated regions of the spectrum, the heat radiated by the climate system is a function primarily of relative humidity, not temperature. © Crown Copyright 2010. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
通过直接使用 Meteosat 水蒸气通道辐射率改进湿度分析
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发表时间: 1981
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