The history of LHCb
The history of LHCb
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DOI：
10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00002-z
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发表时间：
2021-03-19
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Teubert, F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Belyaev, I;Carboni, G.;Teubert, F.
在本文中，我们描述了LHCb实验在过去三十年中的历史，以及它的显著成就和成就。LHC B最初被设想为一个b物理实验，致力于CP破坏研究和测量非常罕见的B衰变;然而，c物理的巨大潜力也是显而易见的。在第一次数据采集时，该实验作为前向区域通用探测器的多功能性也变得明显，可以实现诸如电弱物理，射流和开放状态下的新粒子搜索等测量。这些都是由探测器的优秀能力，以确定μ子和重建衰变顶点接近的主要pp相互作用区域。到2018年LHC运行2结束时，在加速器第二次长时间关闭之前，LHCb已经测量了CKM夸克混合矩阵元素和CP破坏参数，在重夸克系统中达到了世界领先的精度。这个实验还测量到了B和c夸克介子和重子的许多罕见衰变，其结果低于标准模型的预期，有些衰变的分支比达到了10（-9）的量级。此外，由于发现了夸克模型中已经预见到的许多新的共振，并增加了新的奇异的四夸克态和五夸克态，世界对B和c光谱学的了解也有了很大的提高。本文介绍了LHCb探测器的演变，从概念到目前的操作。作者的主观总结实验的重要贡献，然后提出，展示了广泛的领域的成功的物理测量，多年来已经实现。
In this paper, we describe the history of the LHCb experiment over the last three decades, and its remarkable successes and achievements. LHCb was conceived primarily as a b-physics experiment, dedicated to CP violation studies and measurements of very rare b decays; however, the tremendous potential for c-physics was also clear. At first data taking, the versatility of the experiment as a general-purpose detector in the forward region also became evident, with measurements achievable such as electroweak physics, jets and new particle searches in open states. These were facilitated by the excellent capability of the detector to identify muons and to reconstruct decay vertices close to the primary pp interaction region. By the end of the LHC Run 2 in 2018, before the accelerator paused for its second long shut down, LHCb had measured the CKM quark mixing matrix elements and CP violation parameters to world-leading precision in the heavy-quark systems. The experiment had also measured many rare decays of b and c quark mesons and baryons to below their Standard Model expectations, some down to branching ratios of order 10(-9). In addition, world knowledge of b and c spectroscopy had improved significantly through discoveries of many new resonances already anticipated in the quark model, and also adding new exotic four and five quark states. The paper describes the evolution of the LHCb detector, from conception to its operation at the present time. The authors' subjective summary of the experiment's important contributions is then presented, demonstrating the wide domain of successful physics measurements that have been achieved over the years.