A detailed life history of a pleistocene steppe bison (Bison priscus) skeleton unearthed in Arctic Alaska
A detailed life history of a pleistocene steppe bison (Bison priscus) skeleton unearthed in Arctic Alaska
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DOI：
10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106578
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发表时间：
2020-12-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Wooller, Matthew J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Funck, Juliette;Heintzman, Peter D.;Wooller, Matthew J.
来自阿拉斯加北极过去巨型动物群的详细古生态学证据可以帮助重建古环境条件，并可以说明生态适应不同的环境。我们研究了最近在北方阿拉斯加出土的一具罕见的、大部分有关节的、几乎完整的草原野牛（野牛priscus）骨架。我们使用了多代理古生态学的方法来重建过去的生态的一个人代表一个关键的古老taxon. Radiocarbon测年角蛋白显示，标本有一个有限的放射性碳年龄类似于46,000 +/- 1000卡/年BP，非常接近放射性碳测年的极限。我们还采用了线粒体基因组的贝叶斯年龄模型，估计年龄为33，000 - 87，00 0 cal yr BP。我们的埋藏学调查显示，这头野牛在死后被食腐动物啃食，并在埋葬前被绿头苍蝇感染。稳定的碳和氧同位素（三角洲C-13和三角洲N-15）分析顺序采样角角蛋白揭示了一个季节性周期，此外，高三角洲N-15值在其生命的头几年是一致的模式，在现代野牛进行扩散。我们比较了顺序分析的牙釉质的锶同位素比值（Sr-87/Sr-86）的空间模型的Sr-87/Sr-86值提供的证据，分散在整个景观。综合古生态学的研究结果表明，标本生活在interstadial条件。我们的多代理，古生态学的方法，结合轻，重同位素比值沿着与遗传信息，增加了更广泛的了解古野牛生态在晚更新世，表明古野牛采用不同程度的古移动性，根据当时的古生态条件和气候。(C)2020爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Detailed paleoecological evidence from Arctic Alaska's past megafauna can help reconstruct paleo-environmental conditions and can illustrate ecological adaptation to varying environments. We examined a rare, largely articulated and almost complete skeleton of a steppe bison (Bison priscus) recently unearthed in Northern Alaska. We used a multi-proxy paleoecological approach to reconstruct the past ecology of an individual representing a key ancient taxon. Radiocarbon dating of horn keratin revealed that the specimen has a finite radiocarbon age similar to 46,000 +/- 1000 cal yr BP, very close to the limit of radiocarbon dating. We also employed Bayesian age modeling of the mitochondrial genome, which estimated an age of similar to 33,000-87,00 0 cal yr BP. Our taphonomic investigations show that the bison was scavenged post-mortem and infested by blowflies before burial. Stable carbon and oxygen isotope (delta C-13 and delta N-15) analyses of sequentially sampled horn keratin reveal a seasonal cycle; furthermore, high delta N-15 values during its first few years of life are consistent with patterns observed in modern bison that undertook dispersal. We compared sequential analyses of tooth enamel for strontium isotope ratios (Sr-87/Sr-86) to a spatial model of Sr-87/Sr-86 values providing evidence for dispersal across the landscape. Synthesis of the paleoecological findings indicates the specimen lived during interstadial conditions. Our multi-proxy, paleoecological approach, combining light and heavy isotope ratios along with genetic information, adds to the broader understanding of ancient bison ecology during the Late Pleistocene, indicating that ancient bison adopted different degrees of paleo-mobility according to the prevailing paleoecological conditions and climate. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.