First light demonstration of the integrated superconducting spectrometer
First light demonstration of the integrated superconducting spectrometer
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DOI：
10.1038/s41550-019-0850-8
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发表时间：
2019-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
14.1
通讯作者：
Baselmans, Jochem J. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Endo, Akira;Karatsu, Kenichi;Baselmans, Jochem J. A.
毫米-亚毫米（mm-submm）波段的超宽带三维（3D）成像光谱是揭示星星形成和星系演化的宇宙历史中尘埃笼罩部分的重要工具（1-3）。然而，将传统的相干外差接收器（4）或自由空间衍射技术（5）按比例放大到足够的带宽（>= 1倍频程）和空间像素的数量（2，3）（>10（2））是具有挑战性的。在这里，我们介绍了一个本质上可扩展的集成超导光谱仪的设计和天文光谱（6），它覆盖332-377 GHz，光谱分辨率为F/Delta F，类似于380。它结合了微波动力学电感探测器（MKID）（7）的多路复用优势和平面超导滤波器，用于在单个小型超导集成电路中分散信号。我们演示了两个关键的应用程序，这种类型的仪器：作为一个有效的红移机和作为一个快速的多线光谱映射扩展区域。谱线探测灵敏度与仪器设计和实验室性能良好一致，达到了天空中大气前景光子噪声极限。该设计可以扩展到超过一个倍频程的带宽，光谱分辨率高达几千，频率高达1.1 THz。几厘米（2）的微型芯片占地面积允许紧凑的多像素光谱成像仪，这将使光谱直接成像和大体积光谱调查比目前可能的快几个数量级（1-3）。
Ultra-wideband, three-dimensional (3D) imaging spectrometry in the millimeter-submillimeter (mm-submm) band is an essential tool for uncovering the dust-enshrouded portion of the cosmic history of star formation and galaxy evolution(1-3). However, it is challenging to scale up conventional coherent heterodyne receivers(4) or free-space diffraction techniques(5) to sufficient bandwidths (>= 1 octave) and numbers of spatial pixels(2,3) (>10(2)). Here, we present the design and astronomical spectra of an intrinsically scalable, integrated superconducting spectrometer(6), which covers 332-377 GHz with a spectral resolution of F/Delta F similar to 380. It combines the multiplexing advantage of microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs)(7) with planar superconducting filters for dispersing the signal in a single, small superconducting integrated circuit. We demonstrate the two key applications for an instrument of this type: as an efficient redshift machine and as a fast multi-line spectral mapper of extended areas. The line detection sensitivity is in excellent agreement with the instrument design and laboratory performance, reaching the atmospheric foreground photon noise limit on-sky. The design can be scaled to band-widths in excess of an octave, spectral resolution up to a few thousand and frequencies up to similar to 1.1 THz. The miniature chip footprint of a few cm(2) allows for compact multi-pixel spectral imagers, which would enable spectroscopic direct imaging and large-volume spectroscopic surveys that are several orders of magnitude faster than what is currently possible(1-3).