Multiple insecticide resistance in an infected population of the malaria vector Anopheles funestus in Benin
Multiple insecticide resistance in an infected population of the malaria vector Anopheles funestus in Benin
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DOI：
10.1186/s13071-016-1723-y
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发表时间：
2016-08-17
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Wondji, Charles S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Djouaka, Rousseau;Riveron, Jacob M.;Wondji, Charles S.
背景资料：了解诸如不死按蚊等主要疟疾病媒对杀虫剂的抗药性的传播和分布情况，是在整个非洲成功实施抗药性管理战略的关键。在这里，通过评估内陆人口的易感性状况的一个安。方法：对采自Kpome的不死按蚊种群进行药物敏感性测定，并对其抗药性的分子基础进行研究，结果表明：Kpome不死按蚊种群存在多重抗药性，疟原虫感染率一致。增效剂（PBO）筛选抗性机制。采用TaqMan技术对疟原虫的抗药性等位基因进行分型，并检测疟原虫感染水平。结果：TaqMan法检测疟原虫感染率为18.2%。在这个地方的葬礼。WHO的生物测定揭示了一个多表型耐药的安。在Kpome举行葬礼。该种群对拟除虫菊酯（氯菊酯和溴氰菊酯）、有机氯（DDT）和氨基甲酸酯（虫威）具有高度抗性。观察到狄氏剂的敏感性降低。死亡率没有变化后，预暴露于多溴联苯滴滴涕，细胞色素P450发挥作用，在Kpome的滴滴涕抗性。相反，我们注意到，当PBO与氯菊酯结合时，死亡率显著增加，表明P450直接参与拟除虫菊酯抗性。在野生型抗DDT群体中，L119 F-GSTe 2突变频率较高（9%RS和91%RR），而A296 S突变频率较低（1%RS和99%SS）。在Kpome的内陆地区的funestus种群是建立在这项研究中，最近记录在沿海地区的Pahou。来自这两个地方的数据表明，耐药性可能在贝宁广泛存在，这突出表明需要进一步研究，以评估贝宁和邻国杀虫剂耐药性的地理分布，以及对所涉及的耐药性机制进行更全面的分析。
Background: Knowledge on the spread and distribution of insecticide resistance in major malaria vectors such as Anopheles funestus is key to implement successful resistance management strategies across Africa. Here, by assessing the susceptibility status of an inland population of An. funestus Giles (Kpome) and investigating molecular basis of resistance, we show that multiple resistance and consistent plasmodium infection rate are present in Anopheles funestus populations from Kpome.Methods: The insecticide susceptibility level of collected Anopheles funestus was assessed. Synergist (PBO) was used to screen resistance mechanisms. The TaqMan technique was used for genotyping of insecticide resistant alleles and detecting plasmodium infection levels. The nested PCR was used to further assess the plasmodium infection rate.Results: The TaqMan analysis of plasmodial infections revealed an infection rate (18.2 %) of An. funestus in this locality. The WHO bioassays revealed a multiple phenotypic resistance profile for An. funestus in Kpome. This population is highly resistant to pyrethroids (permethrin and deltamethrin), organochlorines (DDT), and carbamates (bendiocarb). A reduced susceptibility was observed with dieldrin. Mortalities did not vary after pre-exposure to PBO for DDT indicating that cytochrome P450s play little role in DDT resistance in Kpome. In contrast, we noticed, a significant increase in mortalities when PBO was combined to permethrin suggesting the direct involvement of P450s in pyrethroid resistance. A high frequency of the L119F-GSTe2 DDT resistance marker was observed in the wild DDT resistant population (9 % RS and 91 % RR) whereas the A296S mutation was detected at a low frequency (1 % RS and 99 % SS).Conclusion: The presence of multiple resistance in An. funestus populations in the inland locality of Kpome is established in this study as recently documented in the costal locality of Pahou. Data from both localities suggest that resistance could be widespread in Benin and this highlights the need for further studies to assess the geographical distribution of insecticide resistance across Benin and neighboring countries as well as a more comprehensive analysis of the resistance mechanisms involved.