Olfaction in insects
Olfaction in insects
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DOI：
10.1007/s13295-011-0020-7
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发表时间：
2011-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Sachse;J. Krieger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Sachse;J. Krieger
气味为昆虫提供了关于环境的重要信息，并引发了昆虫的各种行为。非常敏感和选择性的嗅觉使动物能够探测到极少量的相关气味，从而识别食物、同种动物和捕食者。近年来，人们对触角嗅探的分子机制和细胞机制以及嗅觉信号在大脑中的初级处理原理的研究取得了重大进展。这些发现表明，天线上的嗅毛专门配备了化学感觉探测器单元。它们含有几种结合蛋白，将气味转移到位于嗅觉感觉神经元（OSN）树突膜上的特定受体。气味剂与受体结合启动嗜离子性和/或代谢机制，将化学信号转化为电位变化，从而改变感觉神经元轴突的自发动作电位频率。气味依赖的动作电位从触角沿轴突传播到大脑，导致触角叶内的输入信号。在嗅觉信息的第一个中继站——触角叶中，输入信号经过一个由局部中间神经元组成的复杂网络的广泛处理，然后由投射神经元传递到更高的大脑中枢，在那里发生嗅觉感知。
Odorants provide insects with crucial information about their environment and trigger various insect behaviors. A remarkably sensitive and selective sense of smell allows the animals to detect extremely low amounts of relevant odorants and thereby recognize, e.g., food, conspecifics, and predators. In recent years, significant progress has been made towards understanding the molecular elements and cellular mechanisms of odorant detection in the antenna and the principles underlying the primary processing of olfactory signals in the brain. These findings show that olfactory hairs on the antenna are specifically equipped with chemosensory detector units. They contain several binding proteins, which transfer odorants to specific receptors residing in the dendritic membrane of olfactory sensory neurons (OSN). Binding of odorant to the receptor initiates ionotropic and/or metabotropic mechanisms, translating the chemical signal into potential changes, which alter the spontaneous action potential frequency in the axon of the sensory neurons. The odor-dependent action potentials propagate from the antennae along the axon to the brain leading to an input signal within the antennal lobe. In the antennal lobe, the first relay station for olfactory information, the input signals are extensively processed by a complex network of local interneurons before being relayed by projection neurons to higher brain centers, where olfactory perception takes place.