Early Construction at Nixtun-Ch'ich', Petén, Guatemala: An Architectural-Footing and -Bonding Sample
Early Construction at Nixtun-Ch'ich', Petén, Guatemala: An Architectural-Footing and -Bonding Sample
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危地马拉佩滕 Nixtun-Chich 的早期建筑：建筑基础和粘合样本
DOI：
10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.12.040
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rice, Prudence M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rice, Prudence M.
低地玛雅城市 Nixtun-Ch'ich'（危地马拉佩滕）呈现出一种非典型的网格布局，以四边形建筑块为特色，建立于前古典时期中期（约公元前 800-500 年）。一些挖掘结构的早期水平显示出不寻常的深色粘性沉积物，这些沉积物用作覆盖石灰岩基岩的建筑基础以及用于粘合建筑石材的粘合剂。分析了该材料的两个样品的物理、矿物学和土壤养分（化学）特性。发现样品具有高度有机性（高 %LOI），主要由蒙皂石粘土组成。它们的特点是生坯强度低，与水混合时明显膨胀，干燥时相应收缩，表明承载能力低。化学分析显示，pH 值略有升高，为 7.8，六种土壤养分含量较高，但磷含量较低，可能导致该材料不适合农业。我们得出的结论是，这些粘性有机粘土（可能源自湖泊）在早期建筑施工中起到了粘合剂的作用。
The lowland Maya city of Nixtun-Ch'ich' (Petén, Guatemala) exhibits an atypical gridded layout featuring quadrilateral blocks of architectural construction, established in the Middle Preclassic period (~ 800–500 BCE). Early levels of some excavated structures revealed unusual dark-colored, sticky sediments used as architectural footings overlying limestone bedrock and as adhesives for binding construction stones. Physical, mineralogical, and soil nutrient (chemical) properties of two samples of this material were analyzed. The samples were found to be highly organic (high %LOI), and composed primarily of smectite clay. They are characterized by low green strength, marked swelling when mixed with water, and corresponding shrinkage on drying, suggesting low load-bearing capacity. Chemical analyses revealed a slightly elevated pH of 7.8 and high levels of six soil nutrients but low phosphorus, likely making the material unsatisfactory for agriculture. We conclude that these sticky organic clays, probably of lacustrine origin, functioned as bonding agents in early architectural construction.