Pigments of a Fossil Echinoderm
Pigments of a Fossil Echinoderm
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棘皮动物化石的色素
作者：
M. Blumer
几年前，我描述了在上侏罗纪时代的海百合化石（Millericrinus）中发现的结晶有机色素（“流苏岩”）。现在，在两个原始地点（Fringeli和Liesberg，都在瑞士西北部）收集了更多的标本。通过溶剂萃取分离色素，并通过重复色谱和分级结晶分离。已经分离出六种色素（流苏岩A-F）：在用吡啶彻底萃取后，化石中剩余的其他色素可以溶解在浓硫酸中，它们表现出与更易溶解的流苏岩相似的吸收光谱。所有这些颜料在吸收光谱、溶液颜色（在有机溶剂中为红色，在硫酸中为绿色）、绿色的形成、不溶性钠盐以及乙酰基和苯甲酰基衍生物形成的容易性方面都是相似的。在所有这些性质中，fringelites非常类似aphin 2或hypericin 3类型的扩展醌。它们甚至在用含有少量硫酸的乙酸酐处理时产生特征性的aphin反应，即蓝（紫）色。
SEVERAL years ago, I described1 the discovery of crystallized organic pigments (‘fringelite’) in a fossil crinoid (Millericrinus) of upper Jurassic age. Additional specimens have now been collected at the two original locations (Fringeli and Liesberg, both in north-western Switzerland). The pigments are isolated by solvent extraction and separated by repetitive chromatography and fractional crystallization. Six pigments (fringelite A–F) have been isolated : additional pigments remaining in the fossil after exhaustive extraction with pyridine can be dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid in which they exhibit an absorption spectrum similar to that of the more soluble fringelites. All these pigments are similar in respect to their absorption spectra, the colour of their solutions (red in organic solvents, green in sulphuric acid), the formation of green, insoluble sodium salts and the ease with which acetyl- and benzoyl-derivatives are formed. In all these properties the fringelites strongly resemble extended quinones of the type of aphin2 or hypericin3. They even give the characteristic aphin-reaction, a blue(-violet) colour, on treatment with acetic anhydride containing a small amount of sulphuric acid.