LASER WELDING - Literature Review
LASER WELDING - Literature Review
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发表时间：
2011
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通讯作者：
C. Walsh
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作者：
C. Walsh
激光现在在汽车工业中用于生产缝焊或叠焊，作为传统电阻点焊的替代品，传统电阻点焊广泛用于将汽车车身面板连接到子组件上。激光焊接相对于电阻点焊的优势在于激光光斑尺寸小、焊缝对材料的熔深大以及仅需要单面接触工件的要求。此外，与电阻点焊所用的设备不同，用于进行焊接的设备可以轻松适应新车辆程序的变化。应用激光焊接实现的潜在好处包括减小法兰宽度、增加结构强度和高速自动化加工。传统上，CO2 激光器已用于汽车车身应用。 Nd:YAG 激光器最近取得了进展，现在能够通过光纤电缆产生超过 2 kW 或更高的光束功率。这对于需要在固定部件周围操纵激光束的机器人操作特别有用。激光还用于拼焊板的制造，其中将适当准备的金属板（包括不同的厚度和材料组合）对接焊在一起，然后压制成最终形状。这可显着节省成本和重量，并提高结构刚度。
Lasers are now being used in the automotive industry to produce seam or stitch welds, as alternatives to conventional resistance spot welding, which are used extensively for attaching auto-body panels to subassemblies. The advantages of laser welding over resistance spot welding result from the smallness of the laser spot size, the large penetration depth of the weld into the material and the requirement that only singlesided access to the workpiece is necessary. Further, the equipment used to carry out the welds can be easily adapted to new vehicle program changes, unlike that used for resistance spot welding. Potential benefits realised by the application of laser welding include reduced flange widths, increased structural strength and high speed automated processing. Traditionally CO2 lasers have been used for auto body applications. Recent advances have been made with Nd:YAG lasers, which are now capable of producing beam powers of more than 2 kW or more through a fibre optic cable. This is particularly useful for robotic operations, where it is necessary to manipulate the laser beam about a stationary part. Lasers are also used in the manufacture of tailored blanks, where suitably prepared sheet metal, including differing thickness and material combinations, are butt welded together prior to being pressed into the finished shape. This results in considerable cost and weight savings and increases structural rigidity.