Compromised Rivers: Understanding Historical Human Impacts on Rivers in the Context of Restoration
Compromised Rivers: Understanding Historical Human Impacts on Rivers in the Context of Restoration
复制标题
受损河流：了解历史上人类对河流恢复的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. Wohl
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Wohl
一条河流如果保留了简单而吸引人的形式，那么它可能已经失去了功能。这些河流的功能可能会丧失，因为水文和地貌过程不再创造和维持生态系统完整性所必需的栖息地和自然干扰制度。在河流修复的背景下，对河流功能受损的认识尤为重要，因为公众对河流状况的认知往往会推动进行修复的决定，以及应该尝试哪种类型的修复的决定。要确定一条河流从参考条件改变到何种程度，需要了解历史上的土地利用及其对河流的相关影响。美国科罗拉多落基山脉前山脉的河流被用来说明历史上的土地利用，如海狸捕获、砂矿开采、拉闸、流量调节和运输走廊的建设如何继续影响当代河流特征。对区域土地利用和河流历史的无知可能导致制定不切实际的恢复目标，因为它是基于对河流参考条件或持续土地利用效应影响的错误假设。
A river that preserves a simplified and attractive form may nevertheless have lost function. Loss of function in these rivers can occur because hydrologic and geomorphic processes no longer create and maintain the habitat and natural disturbance regimes necessary for ecosystem integrity. Recognition of compromised river function is particularly important in the context of river restoration, in which the public perception of a river’s condition often drives the decision to undertake restoration as well as the decision about what type of restoration should be attempted. Determining the degree to which a river has been altered from its reference condition requires a knowledge of historical land use and the associated effects on rivers. Rivers of the Front Range of the Colorado Rocky Mountains in the United States are used to illustrate how historical land uses such as beaver trapping, placer mining, tie drives, flow regulation, and the construction of transportation corridors continue to affect contemporary river characteristics. Ignorance of regional land use and river history can lead to restoration that sets unrealistic goals because it is based on incorrect assumptions about a river’s reference condition or about the influence of persistent land-use effects.