Elucidating Poor Decision-Making in a Rat Gambling Task
Elucidating Poor Decision-Making in a Rat Gambling Task
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0082052
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发表时间：
2013-12-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Dellu-Hagedorn, Francoise
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rivalan, Marion;Valton, Vincent;Dellu-Hagedorn, Francoise
虽然决策能力差是注意力缺陷/多动障碍、病理性赌博或药物滥用等精神疾病的标志，但一小部分健康个体在日常生活和特定实验室任务（如爱荷华州赌博任务）中表现出类似的决策能力差。这些特定的个体可以提供关于这些精神障碍的风险因素或常见内在表型的信息。在爱荷华州赌博任务的啮齿类动物版本--大鼠赌博任务（RGT）中，我们确定了一群糟糕的决策者，并评估了这些大鼠在与执行障碍相关的几个行为特征方面的得分：冒险、奖励寻求、行为不稳定性和冲动性的几个方面。首先，我们发现，当单独考虑时，单一的行为和认知特征不能很好地预测糟糕的决策。相比之下，同一个人的独立特征的组合，即冒险，奖励寻求，行为能力，以及运动冲动，是高度预测不良决策。其次，使用RGT的学习-学习模型，我们证实了只有这些特质上的极端分数的组合才能引起适应不良的决策。第三，该模型表明，这些行为特征的组合导致奖励和惩罚的不准确表示以及对环境的低效学习。糟糕的决策似乎是对任务中高回报高风险选项的高估的结果。这种特定的心理特征可能会极大地损害临床健康的个体在决策任务，并可能易患具有类似症状的精神障碍。
Although poor decision-making is a hallmark of psychiatric conditions such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, pathological gambling or substance abuse, a fraction of healthy individuals exhibit similar poor decision-making performances in everyday life and specific laboratory tasks such as the Iowa Gambling Task. These particular individuals may provide information on risk factors or common endophenotypes of these mental disorders. In a rodent version of the Iowa gambling task - the Rat Gambling Task (RGT), we identified a population of poor decision makers, and assessed how these rats scored for several behavioral traits relevant to executive disorders: risk taking, reward seeking, behavioral inflexibility, and several aspects of impulsivity. First, we found that poor decision-making could not be well predicted by single behavioral and cognitive characteristics when considered separately. By contrast, a combination of independent traits in the same individual, namely risk taking, reward seeking, behavioral inflexibility, as well as motor impulsivity, was highly predictive of poor decision-making. Second, using a reinforcement-learning model of the RGT, we confirmed that only the combination of extreme scores on these traits could induce maladaptive decision-making. Third, the model suggested that a combination of these behavioral traits results in an inaccurate representation of rewards and penalties and inefficient learning of the environment. Poor decision-making appears as a consequence of the over-valuation of high-reward-high-risk options in the task. Such a specific psychological profile could greatly impair clinically healthy individuals in decision-making tasks and may predispose to mental disorders with similar symptoms.