The Multidimensionality of Racial/Ethnic Socialization: Scale Construction for the Cultural and Racial Experiences of Socialization (CARES)
The Multidimensionality of Racial/Ethnic Socialization: Scale Construction for the Cultural and Racial Experiences of Socialization (CARES)
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DOI：
10.1007/s10826-015-0214-7
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Stevenson, Howard C., Jr.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bentley-Edwards, Keisha L.;Stevenson, Howard C., Jr.
在美国，种族政治谈判是一个快速变化和动态的问题。因此，种族/民族社会化（R/ES）测量必须与这种转变相匹配，以反映美国黑人管理种族冲突的当前过程。基于种族遭遇、应对评估和社会化理论，本文描述了文化和种族社会化经验（CARES）的量表构建，这是一种基于种族遭遇、应对评估和社会化理论的R/ES多维评估。此外，我们测试了关怀与性别和感知种族主义的关系。利用全国373名黑人大学生的样本，探索性因素分析显示关怀有35个项目和5个因素解决方案。各因子具有中强的内部一致性系数。关怀因素暗示了R/ES作为管理种族冲突的社会认知策略的复杂作用。新概念包括种族主义和双文化应对策略。我们超越了传统的文化不信任概念，这些概念关注的是对白人动机的怀疑，而种族刻板印象因素包括基于社会阶级、性别和肤色歧视的信息，传递对其他黑人的愤世嫉俗的看法。R/ES的性别差异表明，父母可能认为种族冲突和错误对儿子的影响比对女儿的影响更大。R/ES与种族主义知觉之间存在交互效应。家庭从业者可以利用这些发现来指导那些在与孩子讨论种族等级的重要性上犹豫不决的父母。
Negotiating racial politics in the United States is a rapidly transforming and dynamic matter. As a result, racial/ethnic socialization (R/ES) measurement must match this transformation to reflect the current processes utilized by Black Americans to manage racial conflict. We describe the scale construction of the Cultural and Racial Experiences of Socialization (CARES), a multidimensional assessment of R/ES based on Racial Encounter Coping Appraisal and Socialization theory. Additionally, we tested the CARES for its relation with gender and perceived racism. Utilizing a national sample of 373 Black college students, Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed the CARES to have 35 items and a 5 factor-solution. The CARES demonstrated strong overall internal consistency and its factors had moderate to strong internal consistency coefficients. The CARES factors allude to the complex role of R/ES as a social cognitive strategy for managing racial conflict. New concepts include both racism and bicultural coping strategies. We move beyond traditional concepts of cultural mistrust, which focus on a suspicion of the motives of White people, with the Racial Stereotyping factor that includes messages conveying cynical views of other Black people based on social class, gender and colorism. Gender differences in R/ES indicate that parents may perceive the consequences of racial conflict and miscues to be more dismal for their sons than their daughters. Interaction effects were found between R/ES and perceived racism. Family practitioners can use the findings to guide parents that are vacillating on the importance of discussing racial hierarchies with their children.