Lichens and microbial syntrophies offer models for an interdependent route to multicellularity
Lichens and microbial syntrophies offer models for an interdependent route to multicellularity
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DOI：
10.1017/s0024282921000256
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发表时间：
2021-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Libby;W. Ratcliff
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Libby;W. Ratcliff
摘要多细胞生物的进化为生物复杂性的显著增加铺平了道路。虽然多细胞生物已经独立进化了很多次，但我们对它的起源知之甚少。定向进化是研究这一重大转变早期阶段的一种有前途的方法，但目前的实验系统只研究了多细胞生物可能进化路线的一个子集。在这里，我们考虑平等主义的路线，以多细胞，其中不相关的单细胞生物进化成为一个多细胞生物。受微生物同养体和地衣的启发，我们概述了从不同物种的系统到复制的相互依赖关系的三种途径。我们将这些路线与当代实验系统进行比较，并考虑物理结构，入侵威胁，劳动分工和共同传播如何影响它们的进化。
Abstract The evolution of multicellularity paved the way for significant increases in biological complexity. Although multicellularity has evolved many times independently, we know relatively little about its origins. Directed evolution is a promising approach to studying early steps in this major transition, but current experimental systems have examined only a subset of the possible evolutionary routes to multicellularity. Here we consider egalitarian routes to multicellularity, in which unrelated unicellular organisms evolve to become a multicellular organism. Inspired by microbial syntrophies and lichens, we outline three such routes from a system of different species to an interdependent relationship that replicates. We compare these routes to contemporary experimental systems and consider how physical structure, the threat of invasion, division of labour and co-transmission affect their evolution.