Spontaneous language production and aging: Sex and educational effects
Spontaneous language production and aging: Sex and educational effects
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DOI：
10.3109/00207459608990754
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发表时间：
1996-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Rosselli, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ardila, A;Rosselli, M
我们从普通人群中抽取了 180 名正常受试者样本，分析了性别和教育水平对不同年龄段自发语言产生的影响。受试者根据三个变量分组：(1) 年龄（16-30、31-50 和 51-65 岁），(2) 教育水平（3-7、8-12 和 12 年以上正规教育），以及 (3) 性别（男性和女性），每个小组有 10 名受试者。选择了来自波士顿诊断失语症检查（Goodglass & Kaplan，1972）的第 1 版（“饼干盗窃案”）的口头描述。对每个受试者的图片描述的名词、动词、形容词和语法连接词的数量进行评分。结论是：（1）不同短语元素之间的比例在不同年龄、受教育程度和性别群体中非常一致； （2）随着受试者受教育程度的提高，描述“饼干失窃案”图片的词语总数显着增加； (3)自发语言量总体上随着年龄的增长而减少；然而，观察到年龄和性别之间存在显着的交互作用。在男性中观察到不同年龄组的自发语言持续而明显的下降。然而，在女性受试者中仅观察到不同年龄组之间的轻微差异。据推测，衰老过程中的语言变化强烈依赖于性别：男性的自发语言随着年龄的增长而迅速减少，而女性的自发语言产生仍然保存完好。
Sex and educational level effects on spontaneous language production at different ages were analyzed in a 180-normal subject sample taken from the general population. Subjects were divided into groups according to three variables: (1) age (16-30, 31-50, and 51-65 years), (2) educational level (3-7, 8-12 and more than 12 years of formal educational), and (3) sex (males and females) with 10 subjects in each cell. The oral description of the Plate #1 (''The Cookie Theft'') from the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (Goodglass & Kaplan, 1972) was selected. Number of nouns, verbs, adjectives, and grammatical connectors were scored for each subject's picture description. It was concluded that: (1) the ratio among different phrase elements was very uniform across age, educational level and sex groups; (2) the total number of words used to describe the ''The Cookie Theft'' picture significantly increased with the subject's educational level; (3) the amount of spontaneous language in general decreased with age; however, a significant interaction-effect between age and sex was observed. A steady and pronounced spontaneous language decrease across age-groups was observed in males. However, only mild differences across age-groups were observed in female subjects. It was hypothetized that language changes during aging are strongly sex-dependent: while in men spontaneous language rapidly decreases with aging, in women spontaneous language production remains quite well-preserved.