Morphological Properties of the Last Primaries, the Tail Feathers, and the Alulae of Accipiter nisus, Columba livia, Falco peregrinus, and Falco tinnunculus
Morphological Properties of the Last Primaries, the Tail Feathers, and the Alulae of Accipiter nisus, Columba livia, Falco peregrinus, and Falco tinnunculus
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DOI：
10.1002/jmor.20317
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Bleckmann, Horst
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schmitz, Anke;Ponitz, Benjamin;Bleckmann, Horst
本文研究了游隼第十主翅、羽轴和中尾羽的力学性能(杨氏模量、弯曲刚度、倒钩分离力)。为了进行比较，我们还研究了鸽子(Columba Livia)、红隼(Falco Tinnunculus)和雀鹰(Accipiter Nisus)的相应羽毛。在所有四个物种中，羽毛的杨氏模数在5.9到8.4 GPA之间。羽轴的横截面最大，比弯曲刚度最大。当与体质量进行归一化时，初级10号的比弯曲刚度在斑潜蝇中最高，而脐带鱼的比弯曲硬度最高。相比之下，在尾羽根部和背腹弯曲方向上测量的比弯曲刚度，游节扇贝远远高于其他三个物种。这似乎与鸟类的飞行方式有关：因此，华南虎及其初级鸟可能会承受很大的机械力。在捕猎过程中，尼氏对虾经常需要改变飞行方向，可能需要它的羽翼来进行这种动作，而在潜水后折断时，游节对虾的尾羽根部可能需要很高的硬度。J.Morphol。2015年，276：33-46。(C)2014年威利期刊公司。
We investigated the mechanical properties (Young's modulus, bending stiffness, barb separation forces) of the tenth primary of the wings, of the alulae and of the middle tail feathers of Falco peregrinus. For comparison, we also investigated the corresponding feathers in pigeons (Columba livia), kestrels (Falco tinnunculus), and sparrowhawks (Accipiter nisus). In all four species, the Young's moduli of the feathers ranged from 5.9 to 8.4 GPa. The feather shafts of F. peregrinus had the largest cross-sections and the highest specific bending stiffness. When normalized with respect to body mass, the specific bending stiffness of primary number 10 was highest in F. tinnunculus, while that of the alula was highest in A. nisus. In comparison, the specific bending stiffness, measured at the base of the tail feathers and in dorso-ventral bending direction, was much higher in F. peregrinus than in the other three species. This seems to correlate with the flight styles of the birds: F. tinnunculus hovers and its primaries might therefore withstand large mechanical forces. A. nisus has often to change its flight directions during hunting and perhaps needs its alulae for this maneuvers, and in F. peregrinus, the base of the tail feathers might need a high stiffness during breaking after diving. J. Morphol. 276:33-46, 2015. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.