A new interactive chemistry-climate model: 1. Present-day climatology and interannual variability of the middle atmosphere using the model and 9 years of HALOE/UARS data
A new interactive chemistry-climate model: 1. Present-day climatology and interannual variability of the middle atmosphere using the model and 9 years of HALOE/UARS data
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一种新的交互式化学-气候模型：1.使用该模型和 9 年 HALOE/UARS 数据的当今气候学和中层大气的年际变化
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
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通讯作者：
K. Krüger
中科院分区：
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作者：
B. Steil;C. Brühl;E. Manzini;P. Crutzen;J. Lelieveld;P. Rasch;E. Roeckner;K. Krüger
[1]新开发的具有相互作用光化学的中层大气环流模式，即欧洲中心/汉堡的中层大气化学模式4 (MA-ECHAM4-CHEM)，已在20世纪90年代初、后期、60年代和不久将来典型的固定边界条件下进行了多次20年的“时间片”试验，包括敏感性运行以研究海面温度和温室气体浓度变化的影响。在第一部分中，我们将90年代初和后期的结果与高层大气研究卫星卤素掩星实验（HALOE） 9年的数据进行了比较，其中一些是首次提出的数据，以及其他卫星和无线电探空数据。我们展示了一个统计分析，以及一组典型情况下的化学物种的快照。该模式捕获了温度和臭氧分布的主要特征，包括北极和南极涡旋的年际变化以及均匀和非均匀臭氧破坏。对模拟和观测到的氯和氮的种类进行了详细的比较，包括极地涡旋中的反硝化和氯的再分配，显示出总体上良好的一致性。这也适用于从模型和卫星数据得出的化学臭氧预算。计算的平流层和中间层水蒸气与卫星数据的一致性在10%以内，包括南极冬季的脱水。然而，在热带较低的平流层，源气体的浓度被低估了，可能是由于运输中的数值不足。结果表明，相互作用光化学对高纬度春季平流层下层观测温度的一致性具有重要意义。我们的耦合模型提供了一个强大的工具来研究人为微量气体排放和自然变率对气候和平流层臭氧的化学-辐射-动力学反馈机制，至少在准稳态条件下。
[1] The newly developed middle atmosphere general circulation model with interactive photochemistry, Middle Atmosphere European Centre/Hamburg Model 4 with Chemistry (MA-ECHAM4-CHEM), has been applied for several 20 year “time slice” experiments using fixed boundary conditions typical of the early and late 1990s, the 1960s, and the near future, including sensitivity runs to study effects of sea surface temperature and greenhouse gas concentration changes. In part 1 we compare the results for the early and late 1990s with 9 years of data of the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite, some presented for the first time, and other satellite and radiosonde data. We show a statistical analysis as well as snapshots of a set of chemical species for typical situations. The model captures the main features of temperature and ozone distributions including the interannual variability of the Arctic and Antarctic vortices and homogeneous and heterogeneous ozone destruction. A detailed comparison of modeled and observed chlorine and nitrogen species including denitrification and chlorine repartitioning in the polar vortices is presented, showing generally good agreement. This holds also for chemical ozone budgets derived from the model and from satellite data. Computed stratospheric and mesospheric water vapor agrees with the satellite data within about 10%, including dehydration in the Antarctic winter. However, in the tropical lower stratosphere, the concentrations of the source gases are underestimated, presumably because of numerical deficiencies in transport. It is shown that interactive photochemistry is important to get agreement with observed temperatures in the lower stratosphere in high-latitude spring. Our coupled model provides a powerful tool to investigate chemical-radiative-dynamical feedback mechanisms of anthropogenic trace gas emissions and natural variability on climate and stratospheric ozone, at least for quasi-steady-state conditions.