Community structure and distribution pattern of small mammals in agricultural area of Yunnan Province, China
Community structure and distribution pattern of small mammals in agricultural area of Yunnan Province, China
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DOI：
10.13287/j.1001-9332.201906.036
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发表时间：
2019-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Gao Zi-hou
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chen Xing;Liu Zheng-xiang;Gao Zi-hou
为了解云南省农业区小型哺乳动物群落结构特征及空间分布情况，2010年8月至2018年4月期间，采用鼠夹夜法对云南省25个地区的104个样方进行了系统调查。运用群落生态学指标分析了群落特征沿环境梯度的空间变化。结果显示，共捕获3240只小型哺乳动物，可分为4目9科21属42种。其中小型哺乳动物数量最多的是啮齿目，以高山姬鼠和黄胸鼠为主。25个地区聚类为三类。在农业区，小型哺乳动物的海拔分布与纬度分布相似。在低纬度和低海拔区域，物种数量相对较少，以鼠属和小家鼠属为优势种。在高纬度和高海拔地区，优势种变为姬鼠属、白腹鼠属和绒鼠属。随着海拔升高，多样性指数呈单峰分布，物种多样性在中海拔区域最高。小型哺乳动物多样性指数在经度上呈“V”型模式，在东经98度 - 99度梯度带最高。在纬度层面，从南到北总体呈上升趋势。广义相加模型（GAM）分析结果表明，对农业区小型动物的影响程度依次为经度、海拔和纬度。小型哺乳动物组成的相似性分析显示，相邻梯度带相似性适中，中海拔带、中纬度带和低经度带相似性最高。不同梯度带之间距离越远，群落结构相似性越低。云南省小型哺乳动物群落结构在不同维度上具有高度的空间异质性。物种多样性的地理分布趋势在不同环境梯度上呈现不同的分布模式。
To understand the characteristics of community structure and spatial distribution of small mammals in agricultural area of Yunnan Province, a systematic investigation was carried out in 104 quadrats of 25 regions in Yunnan Province from August 2010 to April 2018 by rat trap night method. The spatial variation of community characteristics along environmental gradients was analyzed by community ecological indicators. The results showed that a total of 3240 small mammals were captured and cold be classified into 42 species in 21 genera, 9 families, and 4 orders. The largest number of small mammal was rodents, dominated by Apodemus chevrieri and Rattus tanezumi. The 25 regions were clustered into three classes. The altitudinal distribution of small mammals was similar to the latitudinal distribution in agricultural areas. The number of species was relatively less in the low latitude and altitude range, with Rattus spp. and Mus spp. as the dominant species. In the high latitude and altitude region, the dominant species changed into Apodemus, Niviventer and Eothenomys. With the increases of altitude, the diversity index showed unimodal distribution, with the highest species diversity occurred in the mid-altitude area. The diversity index of small mammal showed the "V" type pattern in longitude, being the highest in the 98 degrees-99 degrees E gra-dient zone. At the latitude level, it showed an overall upward trend from south to north. Results from the GAM analysis showed that the degree of influence on the small animals in the agricultural area was in order of longitude, altitude and latitude. The similarity analysis in the composition of small mammals showed that the moderate similarity occurred in the adjacent gradient zone, and the highest similarity occurred in middle altitude zone, middle latitude zone, and low longitude zone. The farther the distance between different gradient zones, the lower the similarity of community structure. There was high spatial heterogeneity in different dimensions of small mammals' community structure in Yunnan Province. The geographical distribution trend of species diversity showed different distribution patterns across environmental gradients.