Strigolactones: Chemical signals for fungal symbionts and parasitic weeds in plant roots
Strigolactones: Chemical signals for fungal symbionts and parasitic weeds in plant roots
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DOI：
10.1093/aob/mcl063
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发表时间：
2006-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Hayashi, Hideo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Akiyama, Kohki;Hayashi, Hideo
中心点目的丛枝菌根形成于> 80%的陆地植物和丛枝菌根（AM）真菌之间。本植物学简报强调了独脚金内酯作为AM真菌的宿主识别信号的化学鉴定，以及它们在建立丛枝菌根以及寄生真菌种子萌发中的作用。菌丝分支长期以来被描述为AM真菌在感染前阶段识别宿主的第一个形态学事件。weeds.center宿主根释放称为“分支因子”的信号分子，诱导AM真菌中广泛的菌丝分支。从寄主根部分泌的独脚金内酯是AM真菌菌丝分枝的诱导剂。独脚金内酯是一组倍半萜，先前分离作为寄生杂草独脚金和列当的种子萌发刺激剂。寄生性杂草可能通过检测独脚金内酯来寻找它们的潜在宿主，独脚金内酯是在与AM真菌通信的磷酸盐缺乏时从植物根部释放的。除了作为一个信号分子，独脚金内酯可能会刺激生产的真菌共生信号称为'Myc因子'在AM fungi.center.结论植物共生信号的分离和鉴定开辟了新的途径，研究植物AM真菌相互作用的分子基础。这一发现为寄生植物生物学中一个长期存在的问题提供了明确的答案：发芽刺激剂的自然作用是什么？它还可以为农业和自然生态系统中有益真菌共生体和毁灭性寄生杂草的管理和控制提供新的策略。
center dot Aims Arbuscular mycorrhizae are formed between > 80 % of land plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. This Botanical Briefing highlights the chemical identification of strigolactones as a host-recognition signal for AM fungi, and their role in the establishment of arbuscular mycorrhizae as well as in the seed germination of parasitic weeds.center dot Scope Hyphal branching has long been described as the first morphological event in host recognition by AM fungi during the pre-infection stages. Host roots release signalling molecules called 'branching factors' that induce extensive hyphal branching in AM fungi. Strigolactones exuded from host roots have recently been identified as an inducer of hyphal branching in AM fungi. Strigolactones are a group of sesquiterpenes, previously isolated as seed germination stimulants for the parasitic weeds Striga and Orobanche. Parasitic weeds might find their potential hosts by detecting strigolactones, which are released from plant roots upon phosphate deficiency in communication with AM fungi. In addition to acting as a signalling molecule, strigolactones might stimulate the production of fungal symbiotic signals called 'Myc factors' in AM fungi.center dot Conclusions Isolation and identification of plant symbiotic signals open up new ways for studying the molecular basis of plant-AM-fungus interactions. This discovery provides a clear answer to a long-standing question in parasitic plant biology: what is the natural role for germination stimulants? It could also provide a new strategy for the management and control of beneficial fungal symbionts and of devastating parasitic weeds in agriculture and natural ecosystems.