Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Plasma Concentrations and Bone Mineral Density in Midchildhood: A Cross-Sectional Study (Project Viva, United States)
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Plasma Concentrations and Bone Mineral Density in Midchildhood: A Cross-Sectional Study (Project Viva, United States)
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp4918
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发表时间：
2019-08-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Fleisch, Abby F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cluett, Rachel;Seshasayee, Shravanthi M.;Fleisch, Abby F.
背景：确定影响儿童期骨生成的因素是预防骨质疏松症的关键一步。暴露于全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）已与骨密度较低，但数据是有限的，特别是在children.METHODS：我们研究了576名儿童在项目Viva，波士顿地区队列的母亲/儿童对产前招募1999年至2002年。我们定量了几种PFAS的血浆浓度，并通过双能X线吸收法（DXA）测量了儿童中期的骨密度（aBMD）。我们使用线性回归来检查个体PFAS血浆浓度与aBMD z评分之间的相关性。我们使用加权分位数和（WQS）回归来检查PFAS混合物与aBMD z评分的相关性。所有模型均根据母亲年龄、教育程度、家庭年收入、人口普查区家庭收入中位数、儿童年龄、性别、种族/民族、乳制品摄入量、体力活动和抽血年份进行调整。全氟辛烷磺酸血浆浓度最高的是全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）（中位数[四分位距（IQR）]：6.4（5.6）纳克/毫升）和全氟辛酸（PFOA）[中位数（IQR）：4.4（3.2）纳克/毫升]。使用线性回归，血浆中PFOA、PFOS和全氟癸酸酯（PFDA）浓度较高的儿童aBMD z评分较低[例如，β：-0.16; 95%置信区间（CI）：-0.25，-0.06/PFOA加倍]。PFAS混合物与aBMD z评分呈负相关（β：-0.16; 95%CI：-0.28，-0.04/IQR混合物指数增量）。结论：PFAS暴露可能会损害儿童期骨增长和峰值骨量，这是终身骨骼健康的重要决定因素。
BACKGROUND: Identifying factors that impair bone accrual during childhood is a critical step toward osteoporosis prevention. Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has been associated with lower bone mineral density, but data are limited, particularly in children.METHODS: We studied 576 children in Project Viva, a Boston-area cohort of mother/child pairs recruited prenatally from 1999 to 2002. We quantified plasma concentrations of several PFASs and measured areal bone mineral density (aBMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in midchildhood. We used linear regression to examine associations between plasma concentrations of individual PFASs and aBMD z-score. We used weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression to examine the association of the PFAS mixture with aBMD z-score. All models were adjusted for maternal age, education, annual household income, census tract median household income, and child age, sex, race/ethnicity, dairy intake, physical activity, and year of blood draw.RESULTS: Children were [mean +/- standard deviation (SD)] 7.9 +/- 0.8 years of age. The highest PFAS plasma concentrations were of perfluorooctane-sulfonic acid (PFOS) (median [interquartile range (IQR)]: 6.4 (5.6) ng/mL} and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) [median (IQR): 4.4 (3.2) ng/mL]. Using linear regression, children with higher plasma concentrations of PFOA, PFOS, and perfluorodecanoate (PFDA) had lower aBMD z-scores [e.g., beta: -0.16; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.25, -0.06 per doubling of PFOA]. The PFAS mixture was negatively associated with aBMD z-score (beta: -0.16; 95% CI: -0.28, -0.04 per IQR increment of the mixture index).CONCLUSIONS: PFAS exposure may impair bone accrual in childhood and peak bone mass, an important determinant of lifelong skeletal health.