Electrification of Road Transport and the Impacts on Air Quality and Health in the UK
Electrification of Road Transport and the Impacts on Air Quality and Health in the UK
复制标题
DOI：
10.3390/atmos12111491
复制
发表时间：
2021-11
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
D. Mehlig;H. Woodward;T. Oxley;Mike Holland;H. ApSimon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Mehlig;H. Woodward;T. Oxley;Mike Holland;H. ApSimon
目前，欧洲许多城市受到PM2.5和NO2浓度超过世卫组织关于保护人类健康指南的影响。这是一个全球性问题，公路运输的增长是其中的一个主要因素。展望未来，电动汽车被认为是减少道路运输温室气体排放的首选技术，但其对空气质量的影响需要考虑。本文以英国为例，从了解不引入电动汽车的未来情景的轨迹入手，反思内燃机汽车(ICEV)的最新排放控制改进。然后将其与2050年的情景进行比较，在2050年的情景中，根据英国政府的交通脱碳计划，对电动汽车的引入进行审查。该计划包括从2030年开始禁止销售ICEV汽车和轻型货车，随后对重型汽车进行电气化。到2030年，在ICEV情景中，人群对NOx的暴露被发现显著减少，而在EV情景中发现了边际进一步的减少。到2050年，电动汽车方案将进一步减少NOx排放，其中大部分好处将在2040年前实现。对于内燃机动车和电动汽车的情景，由于非废气排放的主要贡献，PM2.5排放基本上没有变化，这表明电动汽车暴露在PM2.5中的变化可能比NOx的变化相对较小。
Currently, many cities in Europe are affected by concentrations of PM2.5 and NO2 above the WHO guidelines on the protection of human health. This is a global problem in which the growth of road transport constitutes a major factor. Looking to the future, electric vehicles (EVs) are considered to be the choice technology for reducing road transport greenhouse gas emissions, but their impact on air quality needs to be considered. Taking the UK as a case study, this paper begins by understanding the trajectory of a future scenario without the introduction of EVs, reflecting on the latest emission control improvements in internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). This is then compared to a 2050 scenario in which the introduction of EVs, based on the UK government’s Transport Decarbonisation Plan, is reviewed. This plan includes a ban on the sale of ICEV cars and LGVs, beginning in 2030, with the subsequent electrification of heavier vehicles. By 2030, population exposure to NOx was found to be significantly reduced in the ICEV scenario, with a marginal further reduction found for the EV scenario. The EV scenario further reduced NOx exposure by 2050, with most of the benefits being realized before 2040. For the ICEV and EV scenario, PM2.5 emissions were largely unchanged due to the primary contribution of non-exhaust emissions, suggesting that EVs are likely to yield relatively smaller changes in exposure to PM2.5 than for NOx.