Molecular Fingerprint-Derived Similarity Measures for Toxicological Read-Across: Recommendations for Optimal Use Molecular Fingerprint-Derived Similarity Measures for Toxicological Read-Across: Recommendations for Optimal Use. Regulatory Toxicology and
Molecular Fingerprint-Derived Similarity Measures for Toxicological Read-Across: Recommendations for Optimal Use Molecular Fingerprint-Derived Similarity Measures for Toxicological Read-Across: Recommendations for Optimal Use. Regulatory Toxicology and
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用于毒理学通读的分子指纹衍生相似性测量：最佳使用建议 用于毒理学通读的分子指纹衍生相似性测量：最佳使用建议。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Reina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Hughes;J. Pfeffer;M. Martig;N. Bastian;R. Crain;J. Kruijssen;M. Reina
恒星晕编码了星系吸积历史的化石记录，通常以表面亮度较低的结构形式出现，比如恒星流。虽然它们表面的低亮度使得确定它们的年龄、金属丰度、运动学和空间结构变得具有挑战性，但落入的星系也会在晕中沉积球状星团（GCs），这些球状星团很亮，因此更容易观察和表征。为了了解与恒星流相关的gc如何用于估计恒星质量和母星系的落入时间，我们研究了E-MOSAICS项目中15个星系及其星团的模拟子集。e - mosaic是一套流体动力学模拟，包含气相色谱形成和演化的子网格模型。我们发现，更大质量的吸积星系通常会产生更年轻、更富金属的gc。这个较低的年龄来自于更大质量星系中更长的星系团形成历史。此外，在恒星质量固定的情况下，后来被吸积的星系拥有更年轻的星团，因为它们可以在不受环境影响的情况下继续形成gc。这就解释了为什么在银河系的光晕中与人马座矮星系相关的星团与被认为是在银河系形成历史的早期在卫星中形成的星团相比，年龄相差很大。利用与人马座矮星相关的gc的年龄，我们估计其穿越回望时间（落入时间）的病毒半径为9。3±1。8 Gyr。
Stellar haloes encode a fossil record of a galaxy’s accretion history, generally in the form of structures of low surface brightness, such as stellar streams. While their low surface brightness makes it challenging to determine their age, metallicity, kinematics, and spatial structure, the infalling galaxies also deposit globular clusters (GCs) in the halo, which are bright and therefore easier to observe and characterize. To understand how GCs associated with stellar streams can be used to estimate the stellar mass and the infall time of their parent galaxy, we examine a subset of 15 simulations of galaxies and their star clusters from the E-MOSAICS project. E-MOSAICS is a suite of hydrodynamical simulations incorporating a sub-grid model for GC formation and evolution. We find that more massive accreted galaxies typically contribute to younger and more metal-rich GCs. This lower age results from a more extended cluster formation history in more massive galaxies. In addition, at fixed stellar mass, galaxies that are accreted later host younger clusters, because they can continue to form GCs without being subjected to environmental influences for longer. This explains the large range of ages observed for clusters associated with the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy in the halo of the Milky Way compared to clusters that are thought to have formed in satellites accreted early in the Milky Way’s formation history. Using the ages of the GCs associated with the Sagittarius dwarf, we estimate a virial radius crossing lookback time (infall time) of 9 . 3 ± 1 . 8 Gyr.