Characterization of nanomaterial dispersion in solution prior to In vitro exposure using dynamic light scattering technique
Characterization of nanomaterial dispersion in solution prior to In vitro exposure using dynamic light scattering technique
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DOI：
10.1093/toxsci/kfm240
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发表时间：
2008-02-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Hussain, Saber M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Murdock, Richard C.;Braydich-Stolle, Laura;Hussain, Saber M.
在评估体外毒性之前，需要表征溶液中的纳米颗粒是一个高度优先事项。颗粒尺寸、尺寸分布、颗粒形态、颗粒组成、表面积、表面化学和颗粒在溶液中的反应性是需要定义以准确评估纳米颗粒毒性的重要因素。目前，还没有定义明确的技术来表征水溶液或生物溶液中的湿纳米材料。以前报道的纳米颗粒表征技术在水溶液或生物溶液中的超高照度光学显微镜和盘式离心沉降的使用，但是，这些技术是有限的测量尺寸范围。目前的研究重点是使用动态光散射（DLS）和透射电子显微镜表征各种纳米材料，包括金属，金属氧化物和碳基材料，在水和细胞培养基中，有和没有血清。结合DLS实验进行了细胞活力和细胞形态学研究，以评价细胞培养基中存在或不存在血清时观察到的团聚变化的毒理学效应。还记录了材料特定表面特性的观察结果。还需要表征超声处理的影响，超声处理用于帮助颗粒分散和溶液混合。此外，分析了用于毒理学研究的纳米材料储备液随时间推移的团聚和zeta电位变化。总之，我们的结果表明，许多金属和金属氧化物纳米材料在溶液中团聚，并且取决于溶液颗粒团聚被搅拌或减轻。相应的毒性数据显示，在某些情况下，向细胞培养基中添加血清可能会对颗粒毒性产生显著影响，这可能是由于团聚或表面化学的变化。还观察到，超声处理略微减少团聚，并且对颗粒表面电荷的影响最小。最后，储备溶液经历了颗粒团聚和表面电荷随时间的显著变化。
The need to characterize nanoparticles in solution before assessing the in vitro toxicity is a high priority. Particle size, size distribution, particle morphology, particle composition, surface area, surface chemistry, and particle reactivity in solution are important factors which need to be defined to accurately assess nanoparticle toxicity. Currently, there are no well-defined techniques for characterization of wet nanomaterials in aqueous or biological solutions. Previously reported nanoparticle characterization techniques in aqueous or biological solutions have consisted of the use of ultra-high illumination light microscopy and disc centrifuge sedimentation; however, these techniques are limited by the measurement size range. The current study focuses on characterizing a wide range of nanomaterials using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy, including metals, metal oxides, and carbon-based materials, in water and cell culture media, with and without serum. Cell viability and cell morphology studies were conducted in conjunction with DLS experiments to evaluate toxicological effects from observed agglomeration changes in the presence or absence of serum in cell culture media. Observations of material-specific surface properties were also recorded. It was also necessary to characterize the impact of sonication, which is implemented to aid in particle dispersion and solution mixture. Additionally, a stock solution of nanomaterials used for toxicology studies was analyzed for changes in agglomeration and zeta potential of the material over time. In summary, our results demonstrate that many metal and metal oxide nanomaterials agglomerate in solution and that depending upon the solution particle agglomeration is either agitated or mitigated. Corresponding toxicity data revealed that the addition of serum to cell culture media can, in some cases, have a significant effect on particle toxicity possibly due to changes in agglomeration or surface chemistry. It was also observed that sonication slightly reduces agglomeration and has minimal effect on particle surface charge. Finally, the stock solution experienced significant changes in particle agglomeration and surface charge over time.