On the distribution of copper, nickel, and cadmium in the surface waters of the North Atlantic and North Pacific Ocean
On the distribution of copper, nickel, and cadmium in the surface waters of the North Atlantic and North Pacific Ocean
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北大西洋和北太平洋表层水中铜、镍和镉的分布
DOI：
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发表时间：
1981
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Susan P. Jones
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Edward A. Boyle;S. S. Huested;Susan P. Jones
已测定了约250个地表水样品中铜、镍和镉的浓度。这些金属的非上升流公海浓度为：铜，0.5-1.4纳摩尔/千克;镍，1-2纳摩尔/千克;镉，低于10皮摩尔/千克。在赤道太平洋上升流区，Ni（3 nmol/kg）和Cd（80 pmol/kg）的浓度高于开阔洋，但Cu（0.9 nmol/kg）没有明显富集。金属浓度较高的冷，营养丰富的东部边界电流：铜，1.5 nmol/kg;镍，3.5 nmol/kg，镉，30-50 pmol/kg。巴拿马湾沿海沃茨的铜含量明显较高（3-4纳摩尔/千克），墨西哥湾流以北的陆架沃茨的铜含量也较高（2.5纳摩尔/千克）;这些铜的富集可能是由轻度减少的陆架沉积物中的铜再活化引起的，并由沿海营养陷阱维持。在公海，高铜水（1.5-3.5 nmol/kg）的事件被认为是在尺度高达60公里，据推测，这是由于沿海水平流进入海洋内部。北太平洋中央环流中铜的最低浓度（0.5纳摩尔/千克;（Bruland，1980年））低于马尾藻海（1.3纳摩尔/千克），而北太平洋和北大西洋中镍的最低浓度均为2纳摩尔/千克。镍和镉，而一般相关的营养盐在表面沃茨，显示出明显的区域变化，其元素-营养盐的相关性。海洋表面沃茨中痕量金属的残留浓度可以解释为，随着生产力的下降，相对于磷而言，对痕量金属的生物歧视增加。
Concentrations of copper, nickel, and cadmium have been determined for about 250 surface water samples. Nonupwelling open-ocean concentrations of these metals are Cu, 0.5–1.4 nmol/kg; Ni, 1–2 nmol/kg; and Cd, less than 10 pmol/kg. In the equatorial Pacific upwelling zone, concentrations of Ni (3 nmol/kg) and Cd (80 pmol/kg) are higher than in the open ocean, but Cu (0.9 nmol/kg) is not significantly enriched. Metal concentrations are higher in cool, nutrient-rich eastern boundary currents: Cu, 1.5 nmol/kg; Ni, 3.5 nmol/kg, and Cd, 30–50 pmol/kg. Copper is distinctly higher in the coastal waters of the Gulf of Panama (3–4 nmol/kg) and also higher in the shelf waters north of the Gulf Stream (2.5 nmol/kg); these copper enrichments may be caused by copper remobilized from mildly reducing shelf sediments and maintained by a coastal nutrient trap. In the open ocean, events of high-Cu water (1.5–3.5 nmol/kg) are seen on scales up to 60 km; presumably, these are due to the advection of coastal water into the oceanic interior. The lowest copper concentrations in the North Pacific central gyre (0.5 nmol/kg; (Bruland, 1980)) are lower than in the Sargasso Sea (1.3 nmol/kg), while for nickel the lowest concentrations are 2 nmol/kg in both the North Pacific and the North Atlantic. Nickel and cadmium, while generally correlated with the nutrients in surface waters, show distinct regional changes in their element-nutrient correlations. The residual concentrations of trace metals in the surface waters of the ocean can be explained if biological discrimination against trace metals relative to phosphorus increases as productivity decreases.