Rainwater Harvesting: An Alternative to Safe Water Supply in Nigerian Rural Communities
Rainwater Harvesting: An Alternative to Safe Water Supply in Nigerian Rural Communities
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雨水收集：尼日利亚农村社区安全供水的替代方案
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
F. Johar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Ishaku;Mohammad Rafee Majid;F. Johar
雨水收集（RWH）是一种经济的小规模技术，具有增加安全供水的潜力，对环境的干扰最小，特别是在干旱地区。在尼日利亚，只有不到一半的人口能够合理地获得可靠的供水。这项在尼日利亚东北部进行的研究确定了用水量和当前水源，然后估计了可能收集的雨水量。对Gayama、Akate、Sidi和Sabongari四个村庄200户家庭的调查表明，其中一半以上依赖易受干旱影响的水源，即浅手挖威尔斯井和天然水体，只有3%的家庭收集雨水。那些村庄所在的塔拉巴州和贡贝州的年平均降雨量分别为1 064毫米和915毫米。据估计，塔拉巴州和贡贝州的每户年RWH潜力分别为63.35立方米和54.47立方米。这些水量可以满足Gayama村的用水需求，但其他三个村将不得不用其他来源补充雨水。因此，如果现有机制和村民参与RWH活动的程度较低的情况能够得到改善，则有足够的雨水补充农村社区的需求。
Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is an economical small-scale technology that has the potential to augment safe water supply with least disturbance to the environment, especially in the drier regions. In Nigeria, less than half of the population has reasonable access to reliable water supply. This study in northeastern Nigeria determined the rate of water consumption and current water sources before estimating the amount of rainwater that can potentially be harvested. A survey on 200 households in four villages namely, Gayama, Akate, Sidi and Sabongari established that more than half of them rely on sources that are susceptible to drought, i.e. shallow hand-dug wells and natural water bodies, while only 3% harvest rainwater. Taraba and Gombe states where the villages are located have a mean annual rainfall of 1,064 mm and 915 mm respectively. Annual RWH potential per household was estimated to be 63.35 m3 for Taraba state and 54.47 m3 for Gombe state. The amount could meet the water demand for the village of Gayama although the other three villages would have to supplement their rainwater with other sources. There is therefore sufficient rainwater to supplement the need of the rural communities if the existing mechanism and low involvement of the villagers in RWH activities could be improved.