Neural basis of aging: The penetration of cognition into action control
Neural basis of aging: The penetration of cognition into action control
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.1263-05.2005
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发表时间：
2005-07-20
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Swinnen, SP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heuninckx, S;Wenderoth, N;Swinnen, SP
虽然功能成像研究经常检查认知任务中神经招募的年龄相关变化，但对运动表现中的这种变化知之甚少。在本研究中，我们使用功能性磁共振成像来研究不同复杂程度的手部和/或足部周期性运动的年龄相关变化。右利手志愿者（11名年轻人，10名老年人）在进行孤立的右手腕和脚的屈伸运动以及他们的协调时，根据“容易”的定向和“困难”的非定向模式进行扫描。研究结果显示，两个年龄组的人都激活了一个典型的运动网络，但老年人的大脑中有几个额外的区域参与其中。无论执行何种运动任务，老年人在涉及感觉加工和整合的区域表现出额外的激活，如对侧前岛、额盖、颞上回、边缘上回、次级体感觉区和同侧楔前叶。此外，在反映运动表现认知监测增强的区域，如补充前运动区、背前运动区、吻侧扣带区和前额叶皮层，还观察到两个脑段协调过程中与年龄相关的激活差异。在最复杂的协调任务中，老年人的喙侧扣带前部和背外侧前额叶皮层表现出额外的激活，已知这些激活与抑制强性反应倾向和抑制性认知控制有关。总的来说，这些发现表明了一种与年龄相关的转变，沿着运动的连续体从自动加工到更多的控制加工。这种对运动的认知监测的增强是指注意力部署的增强，感觉信息的处理更加明显，以及感觉间的整合。
Although functional imaging studies have frequently examined age-related changes in neural recruitment during cognitive tasks, much less is known about such changes during motor performance. In the present study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate age-related changes in cyclical hand and/or foot movements across different degrees of complexity. Right-handed volunteers ( 11 young, 10 old) were scanned while performing isolated flexion-extension movements of the right wrist and foot as well as their coordination, according to the "easy" isodirectional and "difficult" nonisodirectional mode. Findings revealed activation of a typical motor network in both age groups, but several additional brain areas were involved in the elderly. Regardless of the performed motor task, the elderly exhibited additional activation in areas involved in sensory processing and integration, such as contralateral anterior insula, frontal operculum, superior temporal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, secondary somatosensory area, and ipsilateral precuneus. Age-related activation differences during coordination of both segments were additionally observed in areas reflecting increased cognitive monitoring of motor performance, such as the pre-supplementary motor area, pre-dorsal premotor area, rostral cingulate, and prefrontal cortex. In the most complex coordination task, the elderly exhibited additional activation in anterior rostral cingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, known to be involved in suppression of prepotent response tendencies and inhibitory cognitive control. Overall, these findings are indicative of an age-related shift along the continuum from automatic to more controlled processing of movement. This increased cognitive monitoring of movement refers to enhanced attentional deployment, more pronounced processing of sensory information, and intersensory integration.