Generation of human melanocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells.
Generation of human melanocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-62703-330-5_16
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kawakami, Yutaka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ohta, Shigeki;Imaizumi, Yoichi;Kawakami, Yutaka
人类诱导多能干细胞(IPSCs)的发现为研究人类发育早期事件提供了一个模型系统。发育中的黑素细胞起源于在胚胎发育过程中从神经板中出现的迁移性神经脊细胞，经过复杂的分化、增殖和沿特定路径迁移出神经管。成人黑素细胞位于表皮、毛囊、葡萄膜、内耳和脑膜的基底层。在表皮中，黑素细胞产生黑色素，给皮肤带来颜色，并提供保护，免受紫外线的伤害。此外，在每个毛发周期中，黑素细胞将黑色素转移到头发基质角质形成细胞，以维持头发的色素沉着。小鼠黑素细胞干细胞(MELSCs)的特征比人类更完整。MELSCs位于毛囊的隆起区，毛囊干细胞(HfSCs)也在那里。最近，有研究表明，hfSCs为MELSCs提供了良好的功能。根据目前的癌症干细胞理论，黑色素瘤被认为是由MELSCs演变而来，尽管确切的机制仍未完全阐明。在人类中，重要的是，由于缺乏更具体的MELSCs标记物，目前对黑素细胞发育的分子调控的了解仍然不完整。最近，从IPSCs产生黑素细胞的研究已经在一定程度上澄清了人类黑素细胞在体外的发育。利用IPSC来源的黑素细胞在进一步研究人类黑素细胞发育和治疗色素沉着障碍和黑色素瘤患者的新疗法方面可能被证明是非常有价值的。
The discovery of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has provided a model system for studying early events during human development. Developmentally melanocytes originate from migratory neural crest cells that emerge from the neural plate during embryogenesis after a complex process of differentiation, proliferation, and migration out of the neural tube along defined pathways. In the adult, human melanocytes are located in the basal layer of the epidermis, hair follicles, uvea, inner ear, and meninges. In the epidermis, melanocytes produce melanin pigment that gives color to the skin as well as providing protection from ultraviolet light damage. In addition, melanocytes transfer melanin pigment to hair matrix keratinocytes during each hair cycle to maintain hair pigmentation. Characterization of mouse melanocyte stem cells (MELSCs) is more complete than for humans. MELSCs are located in the bulge region of hair follicles, where hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) also reside. Recently, it has been demonstrated that HFSCs provide a functional nice for MELSCs. According to current cancer stem cell theory, melanomas are considered to evolve from MELSCs, although the exact mechanism remains to be elucidated fully. In humans, importantly, the lack of more specific markers of MELSCs, current understanding of the molecular regulations of melanocyte development remains incomplete. Recently, the generation of melanocytes from iPSCs has lead to some clarification of human melanocyte development in vitro. Utilization of iPSC-derived melanocytes may prove invaluable in further study of human melanocytic development and novel therapies for patients suffering with pigmentation disorders and melanoma.