'Wanted-standard guinea pigs': standardisation and the experimental animal market in Britain ca. 1919-1947
'Wanted-standard guinea pigs': standardisation and the experimental animal market in Britain ca. 1919-1947
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DOI：
10.1016/j.shpsc.2008.06.002
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发表时间：
2008-09-01
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Kirk, Robert G. W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kirk, Robert G. W.
1942年，20个科学协会组成了实验动物供应会议（CSEA），试图向医学研究理事会施压，要求其承担在英国提供标准化实验动物的责任。根据1876年的《动物实验法》，动物实验的做法须遵守国家条例，但没有关于提供动物用于实验的规定。因此，日常的实验室工作依赖于商业性的小动物市场，这个市场的出现是为了维持动物幻想的爱好。本文探讨了在实验室内的实验实践中遇到的困难如何导致生物医学科学在两次世界大战期间对动物商业市场的依赖的问题化。这表明，在20世纪40年代初，依赖动物的实验科学产生了危机，这使得左翼的科学工作者协会能够将科学对自由市场的依赖视为经济效率低下，并威胁到英国研究的可靠性。有人认为，标准实验动物在英国的发展，因此，嵌入在更广泛的文化，社会，政治和经济的国家背景的时间。(C)2008爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
In 1942 a coalition of twenty scientific societies formed the Conference on the Supply of Experimental Animals (CSEA) in an attempt to pressure the Medical Research Council to accept responsibility for the provision of standardised experimental animals in Britain. The practice of animal experimentation was subject to State regulation under the Cruelty to Animals Act of 1876, but no provision existed for the provision of animals for experimental use. Consequently, day-to-day laboratory work was reliant on a commercial small animal market which had emerged to sustain the hobby of animal fancying. This paper explores how difficulties encountered in experimental practice within the laboratory led to the problem-atisation of biomedical science's reliance upon a commercial market for animals during the inter-war period. This is shown to have produced a crisis within animal reliant experimental science in the early 1940s which enabled the left-wing Association of Scientific Workers to cast science's reliance on a free market as economically inefficient and a threat to the reliability of British research. It is argued that the development of standard experimental animals in Britain was, therefore, embedded within the wider cultural, societal, political and economic national context of the time. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.