Possible modes of dissemination of the amphibian chytrid Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in the environment
Possible modes of dissemination of the amphibian chytrid Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in the environment
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DOI：
10.3354/dao065181
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发表时间：
2005-07-18
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Speare, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnson, ML;Speare, R
由 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis 引起的两栖类壶菌病已以惊人的速度在澳大利亚东部、中美洲和新西兰的敏感青蛙种群中大范围传播。受感染的两栖动物和受污染的水与易位有关，但其他载体尚不清楚。通过体外研究，我们表明潜在的易位方式可能是潮湿的土壤和鸟类羽毛。 B. dendrobatidis 在无菌、潮湿的河沙中（不添加其他营养物质）可存活长达 3 个月。 B. dendrobatidis 附着在无菌羽毛上并在其上生长，并且能够通过羽毛运输以在培养基中建立新的培养物，在转移之间的干燥中存活 1 至 3 小时。如果这些体外结果在自然环境中有效，那么这些发现提出了一种可能性，即B. dendrobatidis可能通过潮湿河沙的移动而转移，并且鸟类可能在青蛙栖息地之间携带两栖动物壶菌。然而，使用含有正常微生物群的沙子和羽毛进行进一步研究是必要的。
Amphibian chytridiomycosis caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis has spread at an alarming rate over large distances throughout sensitive frog populations in eastern Australia, Central America and New Zealand. Infected amphibians and contaminated water are implicated in translocation, but other vectors are unknown. Through in vitro studies we show that potential means of translocation may be moist soil and bird feathers. B. dendrobatidis survived for up to 3 mo in sterile, moist river sand with no other nutrients added. B. dendrobatidis attached to and grew on sterile feathers and were able to be transported by feathers to establish new cultures in media, surviving between 1 and 3 h of drying between transfers. If these in vitro results are valid in the natural environment, the findings raise the possibilities that B. dendrobatidis may be translocated by movement of moist river sand and that birds may carry the amphibian chytrid between frog habitats. However, further studies using sand and feathers containing normal microflora are essential.