Carcinogen biomarkers related to smoking and upper aerodigestive tract cancer.
Carcinogen biomarkers related to smoking and upper aerodigestive tract cancer.
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与吸烟和上呼吸消化道癌相关的致癌生物标志物。
DOI：
10.1002/jcb.240531005
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发表时间：
1993
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Chung,FL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hecht,SS;Carmella,SG;Murphy,SE;Foiles,PG;Chung,FL
吸烟是上呼吸消化道癌症的主要原因。在烟草烟雾的许多成分中，多环芳烃和烟草特有的亚硝胺是这些癌症的致病因素。这些化合物在特定个体中诱发癌症的可能性将取决于该人代谢激活或解毒它们的能力。这些代谢活化的致癌物对DNA的慢性损伤与目前的致癌概念是一致的，其中多种遗传变化，如癌基因的激活或肿瘤抑制基因的失活，似乎是至关重要的。因此，降低DNA损伤水平的化学预防剂应该会降低患癌症的风险。生物标志物，如致癌物-DNA加合物，致癌物-血红蛋白加合物和致癌物的尿代谢产物，将表明代谢活化的致癌物的量，可能会损害个体的DNA，因此可以用作风险指数。本文对所选生物标志物进行了讨论。这些内剂量生物标志物在化学预防试验中具有很大的应用潜力。
Smoking is the major cause of upper aerodigestive tract cancers. Among the many constituents of tobacco smoke, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and tobacco‐specific nitrosamines are strongly implicated as causative factors for these cancers. The probability that these compounds will induce cancer in a given individual will depend on that person's ability to metabolically activate or detoxify them. Chronic production of DNA damage by these metabolically activated carcinogens is consistent with current concepts of carcinogenesis in which multiple genetic changes, such as activation of oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, appear to be critical. Chemopreventive agents which decrease the level of DNA damage should therefore decrease the risk for cancer. Biomarkers such as carcinogen–DNA adducts, carcinogen‐hemoglobin adducts, and urinary metabolites of carcinogens will indicate the amount of metabolically activated carcinogen which may damage DNA in an individual and can therefore be used as an index of risk. Selected biomarkers are discussed in this paper. These biomarkers of internal dose have great potential for application in chemoprevention trials.