Desert spring refugia: museums of diversity or evolutionary cradles?
Desert spring refugia: museums of diversity or evolutionary cradles?
复制标题
沙漠泉水避难所：多样性博物馆还是进化摇篮？
DOI：
10.1111/zsc.12129
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
A. Austin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Murphy;M. Guzik;S. Cooper;A. Austin
避难所在保护无法移动或适应环境变化的物种方面发挥着关键作用。难民作为“多样性博物馆”的角色意味着这些环境具有高度的保护优先级。然而，鲜为人知的是，孤立和分散的难民在产生新的多样性方面可以发挥的作用。在这里，我们研究了栖息在澳大利亚沙漠春季避难所的特有无脊椎动物群落的多样化和进化历史。我们比较了这些温泉的7个特有类群（Haloniscus和Phreatomerus等足类、chiltoniid片足类、Ngarawa介形类、Trochidrobia和Fonscochlea蜗牛和Gymnochthebius甲虫）的系统发育，并研究了每个分类群的多样化率和时间，重建了每个分类群的系统地理历史。尽管这些分类群在生活史上存在重大差异，但它们在进化史上却表现出惊人的相似性。所有的种群都有多个谱系，可以追溯到今天的沙漠形成之前，并且由于适应了避难所的栖息地，具有显著的地理多样性。研究结果进一步证明，避难所充当了生物多样性博物馆的角色，保存了原本会灭绝的血统。然而，我们也观察到，避难所的隔离与显著的多样化相对应，导致最近进化的新型特有动物群，支持碎片化避难所为未来生物多样性热点的产生提供理想条件的观点。
Refugia play a critical role in preserving species unable to move or adapt to cope with environmental change. The role of refugia as ‘museums of diversity’ means these environments have a high conservation priority. Less well known, however, is the role that isolated and fragmented refugia can play in the generation of new diversity. Here, we examined the diversification and evolutionary history of a community of endemic invertebrates that inhabit Australian desert spring refugia. We compared the phylogenies of seven endemic groups (Haloniscus and Phreatomerus isopods, chiltoniid amphipods, Ngarawa ostracods, Trochidrobia and Fonscochlea snails and Gymnochthebius beetles) from these springs and examine the rates and timing of diversification and reconstructed the phylogeographic history of each taxon. Despite major life‐history differences among these taxa, they demonstrate remarkable similarities in their evolutionary histories. All groups have multiple lineages that extend back to a time before the formation of present‐day deserts, and significant geographic‐based diversification since adapting to a refugial habitat. The results provide further evidence that refugia act as museums of biodiversity, preserving lineages that would have otherwise gone extinct. However, we also observed that isolation in refugia corresponds with significant diversification, leading to a recently evolved, novel endemic fauna, supporting the idea that fragmented refugia provide ideal conditions for the generation of future biodiversity hotspots.