Active/agentive case marking and its motivations
Active/agentive case marking and its motivations
复制标题
主动/主动案例标记及其动机
DOI：
10.1353/lan.1991.0015
复制
发表时间：
1991
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
M. Mithun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Mithun
一类格标记--各种主动式、主动-中性、主动-非主动、主动-静态、静态-主动、施事-受事、分裂S和分裂不及物格标记--并不像人们有时认为的那样具有随意性。如果只在意义和形式之间的直接一一对应中寻找，它的语义基础就会被遗漏。这类案例系统往往是历时发展的产物，每个发展都有各自的动因。有几个因素可能会掩盖理据，不仅包括详细的跨语言差异，还包括定义特征随着时间的推移、语法化和词汇化的变化。为了解释为什么这些案例系统会有这样的形状，我们必须认识到支撑它们的特征的多样性，以及塑造它们的动态过程。
A kind of case marking—termed variously active, active-neutral, active-inactive, active-static, stative-active, agentive, agent-patient, split S, and split intransitive—is shown to be less arbitrary than is sometimes assumed. Its semantic bases can be missed if sought only in immediate one-to-one correspondences between meaning and form. Case systems of this kind are often the products of successive diachronic developments, each individually motivated. Several factors can obscure the motivations, including not only crosslinguistic differences in detail, but also shifts of defining features over time, grammaticization, and lexicalization. To explain why these case systems have the shapes they do, we must appreciate both the diversity of features that can underlie them and the dynamic processes that mold them.