SOIL EROSION, CONSERVATION, AND ECO‐ENVIRONMENT CHANGES IN THE LOESS PLATEAU OF CHINA
SOIL EROSION, CONSERVATION, AND ECO‐ENVIRONMENT CHANGES IN THE LOESS PLATEAU OF CHINA
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DOI：
10.1002/ldr.2246
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发表时间：
2013-09
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Guangju Zhao;Xingmin Mu;Z. Wen;Fei Wang;P. Gao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Guangju Zhao;Xingmin Mu;Z. Wen;Fei Wang;P. Gao
黄土高原作为世界上最著名的地区之一，长期以来一直遭受着严重的水土流失。本文回顾了气候、植被覆盖和环境变化的历史变化，以了解严重土壤侵蚀的原因。文献证据表明，气候变化和植被覆盖是影响全新世土壤侵蚀率的主要自然因素。由战争、人口增长、森林砍伐和水土保持措施组成的密集的人类活动是造成人类活动期间土壤侵蚀变化的原因。近几十年来，由于降雨量减少、大规模水土保持措施、农业灌溉和水库建设等原因，比产沙量的时空变化呈显著下降趋势。土壤保持措施的不同阶段表明了土壤侵蚀控制政策和技术的发展。在过去的60年里，黄土高原实施了梯田、植树造林、自然修复和修建淤地坝等有效的水土保持战略。水土保持措施的进展证实，淤地坝制度可能适用于黄土丘陵高原，自然植被恢复是治理水土流失的最佳途径，应在其他地区推广，重点是在自然恢复的基础上提高保持措施的质量。版权所有©2013 John Wiley&Sons，Ltd.
As one of the best‐known areas in the world, the Loess Plateau, has long been suffering from serious soil erosion. The present paper reviewed the historical variation of climate, vegetation cover, and environment changes in order to understand the causes of severe soil erosion. Documentary evidence indicated that climate changes and vegetation cover were the dominant natural factors influencing the soil erosion rates during the Holocene. Intensive human activities consisting of warfare, population growth, deforestation, and soil and water conservation measures were responsible for the changes of soil erosion during the anthropogenic period. Spatial and temporal changes of specific sediment yields presented significant decrease within the last several decades, which resulted from decreasing rainfall, large scale soil and water conservation measures, agricultural irrigation, and reservoir construction. Different phase of soil conservation measures demonstrated the development of policies and techniques on soil erosion control. Effective strategies of soil and water conservation, consisting of terracing, afforestation, natural rehabilitation, and check‐dams construction, were carried out on the Loess Plateau during the past six decades. The progress of soil conservation measures confirmed that the check‐dams systems might be suitable for Loess hilly Plateau, and natural vegetation rehabilitation is the best way for soil erosion control and should be implemented in other regions with emphasis of improving the quality of conservation measures based on natural rehabilitation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.