The Crosstalk between the Gut Microbiota and Mitochondria during Exercise.
The Crosstalk between the Gut Microbiota and Mitochondria during Exercise.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fphys.2017.00319
复制
发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Mach N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clark A;Mach N
许多生理变化发生在响应耐力运动，以适应不断增加的能量需求，线粒体生物合成，增加活性氧（ROS）的生产和急性炎症反应。线粒体是每个细胞内的细胞器，对ATP的产生至关重要，也是剧烈运动期间ROS和活性氮的主要生产者。最近的证据表明，线粒体和微生物群之间存在双向相互作用。肠道微生物群已被证明可以调节参与线粒体生物合成的关键转录共激活因子、转录因子和酶，如PGC-1α、SIRT 1和AMPK基因。此外，肠道微生物群及其代谢产物（如短链脂肪酸和次级胆汁酸）也通过减弱TNFα介导的免疫应答和炎性小体（如NLRP 3），促进宿主能量产生、ROS调节和肠道炎症。另一方面，线粒体，特别是线粒体ROS的产生，通过调节肠道屏障功能和粘膜免疫应答在调节肠道微生物群中具有至关重要的作用。最近，还表明线粒体基因组内的遗传变异可能影响线粒体功能，从而影响肠道微生物群的组成和活性。饮食也被称为显着调节肠道微生物群的组成。因此，针对肠道微生物群的研究可以用于管理耐力运动员中线粒体相关的ROS产生，促炎信号和代谢限制。
Many physiological changes occur in response to endurance exercise in order to adapt to the increasing energy needs, mitochondria biogenesis, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and acute inflammatory responses. Mitochondria are organelles within each cell that are crucial for ATP production and are also a major producer of ROS and reactive nitrogen species during intense exercise. Recent evidence shows there is a bidirectional interaction between mitochondria and microbiota. The gut microbiota have been shown to regulate key transcriptional co-activators, transcription factors and enzymes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis such as PGC-1α, SIRT1, and AMPK genes. Furthermore, the gut microbiota and its metabolites, such as short chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids, also contribute to host energy production, ROS modulation and inflammation in the gut by attenuating TNFα- mediated immune responses and inflammasomes such as NLRP3. On the other hand, mitochondria, particularly mitochondrial ROS production, have a crucial role in regulating the gut microbiota via modulating intestinal barrier function and mucosal immune responses. Recently, it has also been shown that genetic variants within the mitochondrial genome, could affect mitochondrial function and therefore the intestinal microbiota composition and activity. Diet is also known to dramatically modulate the composition of the gut microbiota. Therefore, studies targeting the gut microbiota can be useful for managing mitochondrial related ROS production, pro-inflammatory signals and metabolic limits in endurance athletes.